node/doc/api/globals.md

# Global objects

<!--introduced_in=v0.10.0-->

<!-- type=misc -->

These objects are available in all modules. The following variables may appear
to be global but are not. They exist only in the scope of modules, see the
[module system documentation][]:

* [`__dirname`][]
* [`__filename`][]
* [`exports`][]
* [`module`][]
* [`require()`][]

The objects listed here are specific to Node.js. There are [built-in objects][]
that are part of the JavaScript language itself, which are also globally
accessible.

## Class: `AbortController`

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<!-- type=global -->

A utility class used to signal cancelation in selected `Promise`-based APIs.
The API is based on the Web API [`AbortController`][].

```js
const ac = new AbortController();

ac.signal.addEventListener('abort', () => console.log('Aborted!'),
                           { once: true });

ac.abort();

console.log(ac.signal.aborted);  // Prints True
```

### `abortController.abort([reason])`

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* `reason` {any} An optional reason, retrievable on the `AbortSignal`'s
  `reason` property.

Triggers the abort signal, causing the `abortController.signal` to emit
the `'abort'` event.

### `abortController.signal`

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* Type: {AbortSignal}

### Class: `AbortSignal`

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* Extends: {EventTarget}

The `AbortSignal` is used to notify observers when the
`abortController.abort()` method is called.

#### Static method: `AbortSignal.abort([reason])`

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* `reason`: {any}
* Returns: {AbortSignal}

Returns a new already aborted `AbortSignal`.

#### Static method: `AbortSignal.timeout(delay)`

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* `delay` {number} The number of milliseconds to wait before triggering
  the AbortSignal.

Returns a new `AbortSignal` which will be aborted in `delay` milliseconds.

#### Event: `'abort'`

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The `'abort'` event is emitted when the `abortController.abort()` method
is called. The callback is invoked with a single object argument with a
single `type` property set to `'abort'`:

```js
const ac = new AbortController();

// Use either the onabort property...
ac.signal.onabort = () => console.log('aborted!');

// Or the EventTarget API...
ac.signal.addEventListener('abort', (event) => {
  console.log(event.type);  // Prints 'abort'
}, { once: true });

ac.abort();
```

The `AbortController` with which the `AbortSignal` is associated will only
ever trigger the `'abort'` event once. We recommended that code check
that the `abortSignal.aborted` attribute is `false` before adding an `'abort'`
event listener.

Any event listeners attached to the `AbortSignal` should use the
`{ once: true }` option (or, if using the `EventEmitter` APIs to attach a
listener, use the `once()` method) to ensure that the event listener is
removed as soon as the `'abort'` event is handled. Failure to do so may
result in memory leaks.

#### `abortSignal.aborted`

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* Type: {boolean} True after the `AbortController` has been aborted.

#### `abortSignal.onabort`

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* Type: {Function}

An optional callback function that may be set by user code to be notified
when the `abortController.abort()` function has been called.

#### `abortSignal.reason`

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* Type: {any}

An optional reason specified when the `AbortSignal` was triggered.

```js
const ac = new AbortController();
ac.abort(new Error('boom!'));
console.log(ac.signal.reason);  // Error('boom!');
```

#### `abortSignal.throwIfAborted()`

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If `abortSignal.aborted` is `true`, throws `abortSignal.reason`.

## Class: `Blob`

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<!-- type=global -->

See {Blob}.

## Class: `Buffer`

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<!-- type=global -->

* {Function}

Used to handle binary data. See the [buffer section][].

## Class: `ByteLengthQueuingStrategy`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`ByteLengthQueuingStrategy`][].

## `__dirname`

This variable may appear to be global but is not. See [`__dirname`][].

## `__filename`

This variable may appear to be global but is not. See [`__filename`][].

## `atob(data)`

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> Stability: 3 - Legacy. Use `Buffer.from(data, 'base64')` instead.

Global alias for [`buffer.atob()`][].

## `BroadcastChannel`

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See {BroadcastChannel}.

## `btoa(data)`

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> Stability: 3 - Legacy. Use `buf.toString('base64')` instead.

Global alias for [`buffer.btoa()`][].

## `clearImmediate(immediateObject)`

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<!--type=global-->

[`clearImmediate`][] is described in the [timers][] section.

## `clearInterval(intervalObject)`

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<!--type=global-->

[`clearInterval`][] is described in the [timers][] section.

## `clearTimeout(timeoutObject)`

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<!--type=global-->

[`clearTimeout`][] is described in the [timers][] section.

## Class: `CompressionStream`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`CompressionStream`][].

## `console`

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<!-- type=global -->

* {Object}

Used to print to stdout and stderr. See the [`console`][] section.

## Class: `CountQueuingStrategy`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`CountQueuingStrategy`][].

## `Crypto`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental. Enable this API with the
> [`--experimental-global-webcrypto`][] CLI flag.

A browser-compatible implementation of {Crypto}. This global is available
only if the Node.js binary was compiled with including support for the
`node:crypto` module.

## `crypto`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental. Enable this API with the
> [`--experimental-global-webcrypto`][] CLI flag.

A browser-compatible implementation of the [Web Crypto API][].

## `CryptoKey`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental. Enable this API with the
> [`--experimental-global-webcrypto`][] CLI flag.

A browser-compatible implementation of {CryptoKey}. This global is available
only if the Node.js binary was compiled with including support for the
`node:crypto` module.

## `CustomEvent`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental. Enable this API with the
> [`--experimental-global-customevent`][] CLI flag.

<!-- type=global -->

A browser-compatible implementation of the [`CustomEvent` Web API][].

## Class: `DecompressionStream`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`DecompressionStream`][].

## `Event`

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<!-- type=global -->

A browser-compatible implementation of the `Event` class. See
[`EventTarget` and `Event` API][] for more details.

## `EventTarget`

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<!-- type=global -->

A browser-compatible implementation of the `EventTarget` class. See
[`EventTarget` and `Event` API][] for more details.

## `exports`

This variable may appear to be global but is not. See [`exports`][].

## `fetch`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental. Disable this API with the [`--no-experimental-fetch`][]
> CLI flag.

A browser-compatible implementation of the [`fetch()`][] function.

## Class `FormData`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental. Disable this API with the [`--no-experimental-fetch`][]
> CLI flag.

A browser-compatible implementation of {FormData}.

## `global`

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<!-- type=global -->

* {Object} The global namespace object.

In browsers, the top-level scope is the global scope. This means that
within the browser `var something` will define a new global variable. In
Node.js this is different. The top-level scope is not the global scope;
`var something` inside a Node.js module will be local to that module.

## Class `Headers`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental. Disable this API with the [`--no-experimental-fetch`][]
> CLI flag.

A browser-compatible implementation of {Headers}.

## `MessageChannel`

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<!-- type=global -->

The `MessageChannel` class. See [`MessageChannel`][] for more details.

## `MessageEvent`

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<!-- type=global -->

The `MessageEvent` class. See [`MessageEvent`][] for more details.

## `MessagePort`

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<!-- type=global -->

The `MessagePort` class. See [`MessagePort`][] for more details.

## `module`

This variable may appear to be global but is not. See [`module`][].

## `performance`

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The [`perf_hooks.performance`][] object.

## `process`

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<!-- type=global -->

* {Object}

The process object. See the [`process` object][] section.

## `queueMicrotask(callback)`

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<!-- type=global -->

* `callback` {Function} Function to be queued.

The `queueMicrotask()` method queues a microtask to invoke `callback`. If
`callback` throws an exception, the [`process` object][] `'uncaughtException'`
event will be emitted.

The microtask queue is managed by V8 and may be used in a similar manner to
the [`process.nextTick()`][] queue, which is managed by Node.js. The
`process.nextTick()` queue is always processed before the microtask queue
within each turn of the Node.js event loop.

```js
// Here, `queueMicrotask()` is used to ensure the 'load' event is always
// emitted asynchronously, and therefore consistently. Using
// `process.nextTick()` here would result in the 'load' event always emitting
// before any other promise jobs.

DataHandler.prototype.load = async function load(key) {
  const hit = this._cache.get(key);
  if (hit !== undefined) {
    queueMicrotask(() => {
      this.emit('load', hit);
    });
    return;
  }

  const data = await fetchData(key);
  this._cache.set(key, data);
  this.emit('load', data);
};
```

## Class: `ReadableByteStreamController`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`ReadableByteStreamController`][].

## Class: `ReadableStream`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`ReadableStream`][].

## Class: `ReadableStreamBYOBReader`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`ReadableStreamBYOBReader`][].

## Class: `ReadableStreamBYOBRequest`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`ReadableStreamBYOBRequest`][].

## Class: `ReadableStreamDefaultController`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`ReadableStreamDefaultController`][].

## Class: `ReadableStreamDefaultReader`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`ReadableStreamDefaultReader`][].

## `require()`

This variable may appear to be global but is not. See [`require()`][].

## `Response`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental. Disable this API with the [`--no-experimental-fetch`][]
> CLI flag.

A browser-compatible implementation of {Response}.

## `Request`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental. Disable this API with the [`--no-experimental-fetch`][]
> CLI flag.

A browser-compatible implementation of {Request}.

## `setImmediate(callback[, ...args])`

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<!-- type=global -->

[`setImmediate`][] is described in the [timers][] section.

## `setInterval(callback, delay[, ...args])`

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<!-- type=global -->

[`setInterval`][] is described in the [timers][] section.

## `setTimeout(callback, delay[, ...args])`

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<!-- type=global -->

[`setTimeout`][] is described in the [timers][] section.

## `structuredClone(value[, options])`

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<!-- type=global -->

The WHATWG [`structuredClone`][] method.

## `SubtleCrypto`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental. Enable this API with the
> [`--experimental-global-webcrypto`][] CLI flag.

A browser-compatible implementation of {SubtleCrypto}. This global is available
only if the Node.js binary was compiled with including support for the
`node:crypto` module.

## `DOMException`

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<!-- type=global -->

The WHATWG `DOMException` class. See [`DOMException`][] for more details.

## `TextDecoder`

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<!-- type=global -->

The WHATWG `TextDecoder` class. See the [`TextDecoder`][] section.

## Class: `TextDecoderStream`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`TextDecoderStream`][].

## `TextEncoder`

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<!-- type=global -->

The WHATWG `TextEncoder` class. See the [`TextEncoder`][] section.

## Class: `TextEncoderStream`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`TextEncoderStream`][].

## Class: `TransformStream`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`TransformStream`][].

## Class: `TransformStreamDefaultController`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`TransformStreamDefaultController`][].

## `URL`

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<!-- type=global -->

The WHATWG `URL` class. See the [`URL`][] section.

## `URLSearchParams`

<!-- YAML
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<!-- type=global -->

The WHATWG `URLSearchParams` class. See the [`URLSearchParams`][] section.

## `WebAssembly`

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<!-- type=global -->

* {Object}

The object that acts as the namespace for all W3C
[WebAssembly][webassembly-org] related functionality. See the
[Mozilla Developer Network][webassembly-mdn] for usage and compatibility.

## Class: `WritableStream`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`WritableStream`][].

## Class: `WritableStreamDefaultController`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`WritableStreamDefaultController`][].

## Class: `WritableStreamDefaultWriter`

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> Stability: 1 - Experimental.

A browser-compatible implementation of [`WritableStreamDefaultWriter`][].

[Web Crypto API]: webcrypto.md
[`--experimental-global-customevent`]: cli.md#--experimental-global-customevent
[`--experimental-global-webcrypto`]: cli.md#--experimental-global-webcrypto
[`--no-experimental-fetch`]: cli.md#--no-experimental-fetch
[`AbortController`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/AbortController
[`ByteLengthQueuingStrategy`]: webstreams.md#class-bytelengthqueuingstrategy
[`CompressionStream`]: webstreams.md#class-compressionstream
[`CountQueuingStrategy`]: webstreams.md#class-countqueuingstrategy
[`CustomEvent` Web API]: https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#customevent
[`DOMException`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMException
[`DecompressionStream`]: webstreams.md#class-decompressionstream
[`EventTarget` and `Event` API]: events.md#eventtarget-and-event-api
[`MessageChannel`]: worker_threads.md#class-messagechannel
[`MessageEvent`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MessageEvent/MessageEvent
[`MessagePort`]: worker_threads.md#class-messageport
[`ReadableByteStreamController`]: webstreams.md#class-readablebytestreamcontroller
[`ReadableStreamBYOBReader`]: webstreams.md#class-readablestreambyobreader
[`ReadableStreamBYOBRequest`]: webstreams.md#class-readablestreambyobrequest
[`ReadableStreamDefaultController`]: webstreams.md#class-readablestreamdefaultcontroller
[`ReadableStreamDefaultReader`]: webstreams.md#class-readablestreamdefaultreader
[`ReadableStream`]: webstreams.md#class-readablestream
[`TextDecoderStream`]: webstreams.md#class-textdecoderstream
[`TextDecoder`]: util.md#class-utiltextdecoder
[`TextEncoderStream`]: webstreams.md#class-textencoderstream
[`TextEncoder`]: util.md#class-utiltextencoder
[`TransformStreamDefaultController`]: webstreams.md#class-transformstreamdefaultcontroller
[`TransformStream`]: webstreams.md#class-transformstream
[`URLSearchParams`]: url.md#class-urlsearchparams
[`URL`]: url.md#class-url
[`WritableStreamDefaultController`]: webstreams.md#class-writablestreamdefaultcontroller
[`WritableStreamDefaultWriter`]: webstreams.md#class-writablestreamdefaultwriter
[`WritableStream`]: webstreams.md#class-writablestream
[`__dirname`]: modules.md#__dirname
[`__filename`]: modules.md#__filename
[`buffer.atob()`]: buffer.md#bufferatobdata
[`buffer.btoa()`]: buffer.md#bufferbtoadata
[`clearImmediate`]: timers.md#clearimmediateimmediate
[`clearInterval`]: timers.md#clearintervaltimeout
[`clearTimeout`]: timers.md#cleartimeouttimeout
[`console`]: console.md
[`exports`]: modules.md#exports
[`fetch()`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/fetch
[`module`]: modules.md#module
[`perf_hooks.performance`]: perf_hooks.md#perf_hooksperformance
[`process.nextTick()`]: process.md#processnexttickcallback-args
[`process` object]: process.md#process
[`require()`]: modules.md#requireid
[`setImmediate`]: timers.md#setimmediatecallback-args
[`setInterval`]: timers.md#setintervalcallback-delay-args
[`setTimeout`]: timers.md#settimeoutcallback-delay-args
[`structuredClone`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/structuredClone
[buffer section]: buffer.md
[built-in objects]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects
[module system documentation]: modules.md
[timers]: timers.md
[webassembly-mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/WebAssembly
[webassembly-org]: https://webassembly.org