Function memcpy_real() is an univeral data mover that does not
require DAT mode to be able reading from a physical address.
Its advantage is an ability to read from any address, even
those for which no kernel virtual mapping exists.
Although memcpy_real() is interrupt-safe, there are no handlers
that make use of this function. The compiler instrumentation
have to be disabled and separate no-DAT stack used to allow
execution of the function once DAT mode is disabled.
Rework memcpy_real() to overcome these shortcomings. As result,
data copying (which is primarily reading out a crashed system
memory by a user process) is executed on a regular stack with
enabled interrupts. Also, use of memcpy_real_buf swap buffer
becomes unnecessary and the swapping is eliminated.
The above is achieved by using a fixed virtual address range
that spans a single page and remaps that page repeatedly when
memcpy_real() is called for a particular physical address.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Temporary unsetting of the prefix page in memcpy_absolute() routine
poses a risk of executing code path with unexpectedly disabled prefix
page. This rework avoids the prefix page uninstalling and disabling
of normal and machine check interrupts when accessing the absolute
zero memory.
Although memcpy_absolute() routine can access the whole memory, it is
only used to update the absolute zero lowcore. This rework therefore
introduces a new mechanism for the absolute zero lowcore access and
scraps memcpy_absolute() routine for good.
Instead, an area is reserved in the virtual memory that is used for
the absolute lowcore access only. That area holds an array of 8KB
virtual mappings - one per CPU. Whenever a CPU is brought online, the
corresponding item is mapped to the real address of the previously
installed prefix page.
The absolute zero lowcore access works like this: a CPU calls the
new primitive get_abs_lowcore() to obtain its 8KB mapping as a
pointer to the struct lowcore. Virtual address references to that
pointer get translated to the real addresses of the prefix page,
which in turn gets swapped with the absolute zero memory addresses
due to prefixing. Once the pointer is not needed it must be released
with put_abs_lowcore() primitive:
struct lowcore *abs_lc;
unsigned long flags;
abs_lc = get_abs_lowcore(&flags);
abs_lc->... = ...;
put_abs_lowcore(abs_lc, flags);
To ensure the described mechanism works large segment- and region-
table entries must be avoided for the 8KB mappings. Failure to do
so results in usage of Region-Frame Absolute Address (RFAA) or
Segment-Frame Absolute Address (SFAA) large page fields. In that
case absolute addresses would be used to address the prefix page
instead of the real ones and the prefixing would get bypassed.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
- Rework copy_oldmem_page() callback to take an iov_iter.
This includes few prerequisite updates and fixes to the
oldmem reading code.
- Rework cpufeature implementation to allow for various CPU feature
indications, which is not only limited to hardware capabilities,
but also allows CPU facilities.
- Use the cpufeature rework to autoload Ultravisor module when CPU
facility 158 is available.
- Add ELF note type for encrypted CPU state of a protected virtual CPU.
The zgetdump tool from s390-tools package will decrypt the CPU state
using a Customer Communication Key and overwrite respective notes to
make the data accessible for crash and other debugging tools.
- Use vzalloc() instead of vmalloc() + memset() in ChaCha20 crypto test.
- Fix incorrect recovery of kretprobe modified return address in stacktrace.
- Switch the NMI handler to use generic irqentry_nmi_enter() and
irqentry_nmi_exit() helper functions.
- Rework the cryptographic Adjunct Processors (AP) pass-through design
to support dynamic changes to the AP matrix of a running guest as well
as to implement more of the AP architecture.
- Minor boot code cleanups.
- Grammar and typo fixes to hmcdrv and tape drivers.
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Merge tag 's390-5.20-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux
Pull s390 updates from Alexander Gordeev:
- Rework copy_oldmem_page() callback to take an iov_iter.
This includes a few prerequisite updates and fixes to the oldmem
reading code.
- Rework cpufeature implementation to allow for various CPU feature
indications, which is not only limited to hardware capabilities, but
also allows CPU facilities.
- Use the cpufeature rework to autoload Ultravisor module when CPU
facility 158 is available.
- Add ELF note type for encrypted CPU state of a protected virtual CPU.
The zgetdump tool from s390-tools package will decrypt the CPU state
using a Customer Communication Key and overwrite respective notes to
make the data accessible for crash and other debugging tools.
- Use vzalloc() instead of vmalloc() + memset() in ChaCha20 crypto
test.
- Fix incorrect recovery of kretprobe modified return address in
stacktrace.
- Switch the NMI handler to use generic irqentry_nmi_enter() and
irqentry_nmi_exit() helper functions.
- Rework the cryptographic Adjunct Processors (AP) pass-through design
to support dynamic changes to the AP matrix of a running guest as
well as to implement more of the AP architecture.
- Minor boot code cleanups.
- Grammar and typo fixes to hmcdrv and tape drivers.
* tag 's390-5.20-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (46 commits)
Revert "s390/smp: enforce lowcore protection on CPU restart"
Revert "s390/smp: rework absolute lowcore access"
Revert "s390/smp,ptdump: add absolute lowcore markers"
s390/unwind: fix fgraph return address recovery
s390/nmi: use irqentry_nmi_enter()/irqentry_nmi_exit()
s390: add ELF note type for encrypted CPU state of a PV VCPU
s390/smp,ptdump: add absolute lowcore markers
s390/smp: rework absolute lowcore access
s390/setup: rearrange absolute lowcore initialization
s390/boot: cleanup adjust_to_uv_max() function
s390/smp: enforce lowcore protection on CPU restart
s390/tape: fix comment typo
s390/hmcdrv: fix Kconfig "its" grammar
s390/docs: fix warnings for vfio_ap driver doc
s390/docs: fix warnings for vfio_ap driver lock usage doc
s390/crash: support multi-segment iterators
s390/crash: use static swap buffer for copy_to_user_real()
s390/crash: move copy_to_user_real() to crash_dump.c
s390/zcore: fix race when reading from hardware system area
s390/crash: fix incorrect number of bytes to copy to user space
...
This reverts commit 7d06fed77b.
This introduced vmem_mutex locking from vmem_map_4k_page()
function called from smp_reinit_ipl_cpu() with interrupts
disabled. While it is a pre-SMP early initcall no other CPUs
running in parallel nor other code taking vmem_mutex on this
boot stage - it still needs to be fixed.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Temporary unsetting of the prefix page in memcpy_absolute() routine
poses a risk of executing code path with unexpectedly disabled prefix
page. This rework avoids the prefix page uninstalling and disabling
of normal and machine check interrupts when accessing the absolute
zero memory.
Although memcpy_absolute() routine can access the whole memory, it is
only used to update the absolute zero lowcore. This rework therefore
introduces a new mechanism for the absolute zero lowcore access and
scraps memcpy_absolute() routine for good.
Instead, an area is reserved in the virtual memory that is used for
the absolute lowcore access only. That area holds an array of 8KB
virtual mappings - one per CPU. Whenever a CPU is brought online, the
corresponding item is mapped to the real address of the previously
installed prefix page.
The absolute zero lowcore access works like this: a CPU calls the
new primitive get_abs_lowcore() to obtain its 8KB mapping as a
pointer to the struct lowcore. Virtual address references to that
pointer get translated to the real addresses of the prefix page,
which in turn gets swapped with the absolute zero memory addresses
due to prefixing. Once the pointer is not needed it must be released
with put_abs_lowcore() primitive:
struct lowcore *abs_lc;
unsigned long flags;
abs_lc = get_abs_lowcore(&flags);
abs_lc->... = ...;
put_abs_lowcore(abs_lc, flags);
To ensure the described mechanism works large segment- and region-
table entries must be avoided for the 8KB mappings. Failure to do
so results in usage of Region-Frame Absolute Address (RFAA) or
Segment-Frame Absolute Address (SFAA) large page fields. In that
case absolute addresses would be used to address the prefix page
instead of the real ones and the prefixing would get bypassed.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Uncouple input and output arguments by making the latter
the function return value.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
We have information about the supported attestation header version
and plaintext attestation flag bits.
Let's expose it via the sysfs files.
Signed-off-by: Steffen Eiden <seiden@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220601100245.3189993-1-seiden@linux.ibm.com/
Signed-off-by: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com>
- add an interface to provide a hypervisor dump for secure guests
- improve selftests to show tests
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Merge tag 'kvm-s390-next-5.19-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kvms390/linux into HEAD
KVM: s390: pvdump and selftest improvements
- add an interface to provide a hypervisor dump for secure guests
- improve selftests to show tests
The new dump feature requires us to know how much memory is needed for
the "dump storage state" and "dump finalize" ultravisor call. These
values are reported via the UV query call.
Signed-off-by: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Steffen Eiden <seiden@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220517163629.3443-3-frankja@linux.ibm.com
Message-Id: <20220517163629.3443-3-frankja@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
We have information about the supported se header version and pcf bits
so let's expose it via the sysfs files.
Signed-off-by: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Steffen Eiden <seiden@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220517163629.3443-2-frankja@linux.ibm.com
Message-Id: <20220517163629.3443-2-frankja@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
- Add HOSTPKG_CONFIG env variable to allow users to override pkg-config
- Support W=e as a shorthand for KCFLAGS=-Werror
- Fix CONFIG_IKHEADERS build to support toybox cpio
- Add scripts/dummy-tools/pahole to ease distro packagers' life
- Suppress false-positive warnings from checksyscalls.sh for W=2 build
- Factor out the common code of arch/*/boot/install.sh into
scripts/install.sh
- Support 'kernel-install' tool in scripts/prune-kernel
- Refactor module-versioning to link the symbol versions at the final
link of vmlinux and modules
- Remove CONFIG_MODULE_REL_CRCS because module-versioning now works in
an arch-agnostic way
- Refactor modpost, Makefiles
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Merge tag 'kbuild-v5.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:
- Add HOSTPKG_CONFIG env variable to allow users to override pkg-config
- Support W=e as a shorthand for KCFLAGS=-Werror
- Fix CONFIG_IKHEADERS build to support toybox cpio
- Add scripts/dummy-tools/pahole to ease distro packagers' life
- Suppress false-positive warnings from checksyscalls.sh for W=2 build
- Factor out the common code of arch/*/boot/install.sh into
scripts/install.sh
- Support 'kernel-install' tool in scripts/prune-kernel
- Refactor module-versioning to link the symbol versions at the final
link of vmlinux and modules
- Remove CONFIG_MODULE_REL_CRCS because module-versioning now works in
an arch-agnostic way
- Refactor modpost, Makefiles
* tag 'kbuild-v5.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (56 commits)
genksyms: adjust the output format to modpost
kbuild: stop merging *.symversions
kbuild: link symbol CRCs at final link, removing CONFIG_MODULE_REL_CRCS
modpost: extract symbol versions from *.cmd files
modpost: add sym_find_with_module() helper
modpost: change the license of EXPORT_SYMBOL to bool type
modpost: remove left-over cross_compile declaration
kbuild: record symbol versions in *.cmd files
kbuild: generate a list of objects in vmlinux
modpost: move *.mod.c generation to write_mod_c_files()
modpost: merge add_{intree_flag,retpoline,staging_flag} to add_header
scripts/prune-kernel: Use kernel-install if available
kbuild: factor out the common installation code into scripts/install.sh
modpost: split new_symbol() to symbol allocation and hash table addition
modpost: make sym_add_exported() always allocate a new symbol
modpost: make multiple export error
modpost: dump Module.symvers in the same order of modules.order
modpost: traverse the namespace_list in order
modpost: use doubly linked list for dump_lists
modpost: traverse unresolved symbols in order
...
Get rid of old 31 bit leftovers within ipl code:
- convert everything to pc relative code
- use 64 bit addressing mode as early as possible
- use 64 bit arithmetics wherever possible
This way the code doesn't look as odd as before anymore.
Reviewed-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
For at least the mvc and clc instructions llvm's integrated assembler can
generate incorrect code. In particular this happens with decompressor boot
code. The reason seems to be that relocations for the second displacement
of each instruction are at incorrect locations (-/+: gas vs llvm IAS):
mvc __LC_IO_NEW_PSW(16),.Lnewpsw
results in
4: d2 0f 01 f0 00 00 mvc 496(16,%r0),0
- 8: R_390_12 .head.text+0x10
+ 6: R_390_12 .head.text+0x10
and
clc 0(3,%r4),.L_hdr
results in
258: d5 02 40 00 00 00 clc 0(3,%r4),0
- 25c: R_390_12 .head.text+0x324
+ 25a: R_390_12 .head.text+0x324
Workaround this by writing the code in a different way.
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Link: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/55411
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220511120532.2228616-7-hca@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Many architectures have similar install.sh scripts.
The first half is really generic; it verifies that the kernel image
and System.map exist, then executes ~/bin/${INSTALLKERNEL} or
/sbin/${INSTALLKERNEL} if available.
The second half is kind of arch-specific; it copies the kernel image
and System.map to the destination, but the code is slightly different.
Factor out the generic part into scripts/install.sh.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nicolas Schier <n.schier@avm.de>
Convert parmarea to C, which makes it much easier to initialize it. No need
to keep offsets in assembler code in sync with struct parmarea anymore.
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Convert initial lowcore to C and use proper defines and structures to
initialize it. This should make the z/VM ipl procedure a bit less magic.
Acked-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Initialize all new psws with disabled wait psws, except for the restart new
psw. This way every unexpected exception, svc, machine check, or interrupt
is handled properly.
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
The program check handler of the kernel image points to
startup_pgm_check_handler. However an early program check which happens
while loading the kernel image will jump to potentially random code, since
the code of the program check handler is not yet loaded; leading to a
program check loop.
Therefore initialize it to a disabled wait psw and let the startup code set
the proper psw when everything is in memory.
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Move iplstart entry point to 0x200 again, instead of the middle of the ipl
code. This way even the comment describing the ccw program is correct
again.
Acked-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
The final kernel image is created by linking decompressor object files with
a startup archive. The startup archive file however does not contain only
optional code and data which can be discarded if not referenced. It also
contains mandatory object data like head.o which must never be discarded,
even if not referenced.
Move the decompresser code and linker script to the boot directory and get
rid of the startup archive so everything is kept during link time.
Acked-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Remove my old invalid email address which can be found in a couple of
files. Instead of updating it, just remove my contact data completely
from source files.
We have git and other tools which allow to figure out who is responsible
for what with recent contact data.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Presumably, arch/{parisc,s390,sh}/boot/compressed/Makefile copied
arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile, but vmlinux.bin.all-y is useless
here because it is the same as $(obj)/vmlinux.bin.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nicolas Schier <n.schier@avm.de>
GZIP-compressed files end with 4 byte data that represents the size
of the original input. The decompressors (the self-extracting kernel)
exploit it to know the vmlinux size beforehand. To mimic the GZIP's
trailer, Kbuild provides cmd_{bzip2,lzma,lzo,lz4,xzkern,zstd22}.
Unfortunately these macros are used everywhere despite the appended
size data is only useful for the decompressors.
There is no guarantee that such hand-crafted trailers are safely ignored.
In fact, the kernel refuses compressed initramdfs with the garbage data.
That is why usr/Makefile overrides size_append to make it no-op.
To limit the use of such broken compressed files, this commit renames
the existing macros as follows:
cmd_bzip2 --> cmd_bzip2_with_size
cmd_lzma --> cmd_lzma_with_size
cmd_lzo --> cmd_lzo_with_size
cmd_lz4 --> cmd_lz4_with_size
cmd_xzkern --> cmd_xzkern_with_size
cmd_zstd22 --> cmd_zstd22_with_size
To keep the decompressors working, I updated the following Makefiles
accordingly:
arch/arm/boot/compressed/Makefile
arch/h8300/boot/compressed/Makefile
arch/mips/boot/compressed/Makefile
arch/parisc/boot/compressed/Makefile
arch/s390/boot/compressed/Makefile
arch/sh/boot/compressed/Makefile
arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
I reused the current macro names for the normal usecases; they produce
the compressed data in the proper format.
I did not touch the following:
arch/arc/boot/Makefile
arch/arm64/boot/Makefile
arch/csky/boot/Makefile
arch/mips/boot/Makefile
arch/riscv/boot/Makefile
arch/sh/boot/Makefile
kernel/Makefile
This means those Makefiles will stop appending the size data.
I dropped the 'override size_append' hack from usr/Makefile.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nicolas Schier <n.schier@avm.de>
Initial KASAN shadow memory range was picked to preserve original kernel
modules area position. With protected execution support, which might
impose addressing limitation on vmalloc area and hence affect modules
area position, current fixed KASAN shadow memory range is only making
kernel memory layout setup more complex. So move it to the very end of
available virtual space and simplify calculations.
At the same time return to previous kernel address space split. In
particular commit 0c4f2623b9 ("s390: setup kernel memory layout
early") introduced precise identity map size calculation and keeping
vmemmap left most starting from a fresh region table entry. This didn't
take into account additional mapping region requirement for potential
DCSS mapping above available physical memory. So go back to virtual
space split between 1:1 mapping & vmemmap array once vmalloc area size
is subtracted.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 0c4f2623b9 ("s390: setup kernel memory layout early")
Reported-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Currently s390 supports a fixed maximum command line length of 896
bytes. This isn't enough as some installers are trying to pass all
configuration data via kernel command line, and even with zfcp alone
it is easy to generate really long command lines. Therefore extend
the command line to 4 kbytes.
In the parm area where the command line is stored there is no indication
of the maximum allowed length, so a new field which contains the maximum
length is added.
The parm area has always been initialized to zero, so with old kernels
this field would read zero. This is important because tools like zipl
could read this field. If it contains a number larger than zero zipl
knows the maximum length that can be stored in the parm area, otherwise
it must assume that it is booting a legacy kernel and only 896 bytes are
available.
The removing of trailing whitespace in head.S is also removed because
code to do this is already present in setup_boot_command_line().
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
In preparation of adding support for command lines with variable
sizes on s390, the check whether the new kernel image is at least HEAD_END
bytes long isn't correct. Move the check to kexec_file_add_components()
so we can get the size of the parm area and check the size there.
The '.org HEAD_END' directive can now also be removed from head.S. This
was used in the past to reserve space for the early sccb buffer, but with
commit 9a5131b87cac1 ("s390/boot: move sclp early buffer from fixed address
in asm to C") this is no longer required.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
With the upcoming BEAR enhancements last_break isn't really
unique, so rename it to pgm_last_break. This way it should
be more obvious that this is the last_break value that is
written by the hardware when a program check occurs.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
The memory for amode31 section is allocated from the decompressed
kernel. Instead, allocate that memory from the decompressor. This
is a prerequisite to allow initialization of the virtual memory
before the decompressed kernel takes over.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Partially revert commit 4555b9f34296 ("s390/boot: move
dma sections from decompressor to decompressed kernel").
This is a prerequisite to allow initialization of virtual
memory in decompressor and avoid overwriting of ASCEs in
the decompressed kernel otherwise.
Since the control registers 2, 5 and 15 are reinitialized
in the decompressed kernel again, this change does not
prevent relocating of amode31 section in any way.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
- Add -s option (strict mode) to merge_config.sh to make it fail when
any symbol is redefined.
- Show a warning if a different compiler is used for building external
modules.
- Infer --target from ARCH for CC=clang to let you cross-compile the
kernel without CROSS_COMPILE.
- Make the integrated assembler default (LLVM_IAS=1) for CC=clang.
- Add <linux/stdarg.h> to the kernel source instead of borrowing
<stdarg.h> from the compiler.
- Add Nick Desaulniers as a Kbuild reviewer.
- Drop stale cc-option tests.
- Fix the combination of CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS and CONFIG_LTO_CLANG
to handle symbols in inline assembly.
- Show a warning if 'FORCE' is missing for if_changed rules.
- Various cleanups
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Merge tag 'kbuild-v5.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:
- Add -s option (strict mode) to merge_config.sh to make it fail when
any symbol is redefined.
- Show a warning if a different compiler is used for building external
modules.
- Infer --target from ARCH for CC=clang to let you cross-compile the
kernel without CROSS_COMPILE.
- Make the integrated assembler default (LLVM_IAS=1) for CC=clang.
- Add <linux/stdarg.h> to the kernel source instead of borrowing
<stdarg.h> from the compiler.
- Add Nick Desaulniers as a Kbuild reviewer.
- Drop stale cc-option tests.
- Fix the combination of CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS and CONFIG_LTO_CLANG
to handle symbols in inline assembly.
- Show a warning if 'FORCE' is missing for if_changed rules.
- Various cleanups
* tag 'kbuild-v5.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (39 commits)
kbuild: redo fake deps at include/ksym/*.h
kbuild: clean up objtool_args slightly
modpost: get the *.mod file path more simply
checkkconfigsymbols.py: Fix the '--ignore' option
kbuild: merge vmlinux_link() between ARCH=um and other architectures
kbuild: do not remove 'linux' link in scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
kbuild: merge vmlinux_link() between the ordinary link and Clang LTO
kbuild: remove stale *.symversions
kbuild: remove unused quiet_cmd_update_lto_symversions
gen_compile_commands: extract compiler command from a series of commands
x86: remove cc-option-yn test for -mtune=
arc: replace cc-option-yn uses with cc-option
s390: replace cc-option-yn uses with cc-option
ia64: move core-y in arch/ia64/Makefile to arch/ia64/Kbuild
sparc: move the install rule to arch/sparc/Makefile
security: remove unneeded subdir-$(CONFIG_...)
kbuild: sh: remove unused install script
kbuild: Fix 'no symbols' warning when CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSD_KSYMS=y
kbuild: Switch to 'f' variants of integrated assembler flag
kbuild: Shuffle blank line to improve comment meaning
...
- Improve ftrace code patching so that stop_machine is not required anymore.
This requires a small common code patch acked by Steven Rostedt:
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-s390/20210730220741.4da6fdf6@oasis.local.home/
- Enable KCSAN for s390. This comes with a small common code change to fix a
compile warning. Acked by Marco Elver:
https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210729142811.1309391-1-hca@linux.ibm.com
- Add KFENCE support for s390. This also comes with a minimal x86 patch from
Marco Elver who said also this can be carried via the s390 tree:
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-s390/YQJdarx6XSUQ1tFZ@elver.google.com/
- More changes to prepare the decompressor for relocation.
- Enable DAT also for CPU restart path.
- Final set of register asm removal patches; leaving only three locations where
needed and sane.
- Add NNPA, Vector-Packed-Decimal-Enhancement Facility 2, PCI MIO support to
hwcaps flags.
- Cleanup hwcaps implementation.
- Add new instructions to in-kernel disassembler.
- Various QDIO cleanups.
- Add SCLP debug feature.
- Various other cleanups and improvements all over the place.
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Merge tag 's390-5.15-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux
Pull s390 updates from Heiko Carstens:
- Improve ftrace code patching so that stop_machine is not required
anymore. This requires a small common code patch acked by Steven
Rostedt:
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-s390/20210730220741.4da6fdf6@oasis.local.home/
- Enable KCSAN for s390. This comes with a small common code change to
fix a compile warning. Acked by Marco Elver:
https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210729142811.1309391-1-hca@linux.ibm.com
- Add KFENCE support for s390. This also comes with a minimal x86 patch
from Marco Elver who said also this can be carried via the s390 tree:
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-s390/YQJdarx6XSUQ1tFZ@elver.google.com/
- More changes to prepare the decompressor for relocation.
- Enable DAT also for CPU restart path.
- Final set of register asm removal patches; leaving only three
locations where needed and sane.
- Add NNPA, Vector-Packed-Decimal-Enhancement Facility 2, PCI MIO
support to hwcaps flags.
- Cleanup hwcaps implementation.
- Add new instructions to in-kernel disassembler.
- Various QDIO cleanups.
- Add SCLP debug feature.
- Various other cleanups and improvements all over the place.
* tag 's390-5.15-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (105 commits)
s390: remove SCHED_CORE from defconfigs
s390/smp: do not use nodat_stack for secondary CPU start
s390/smp: enable DAT before CPU restart callback is called
s390: update defconfigs
s390/ap: fix state machine hang after failure to enable irq
KVM: s390: generate kvm hypercall functions
s390/sclp: add tracing of SCLP interactions
s390/debug: add early tracing support
s390/debug: fix debug area life cycle
s390/debug: keep debug data on resize
s390/diag: make restart_part2 a local label
s390/mm,pageattr: fix walk_pte_level() early exit
s390: fix typo in linker script
s390: remove do_signal() prototype and do_notify_resume() function
s390/crypto: fix all kernel-doc warnings in vfio_ap_ops.c
s390/pci: improve DMA translation init and exit
s390/pci: simplify CLP List PCI handling
s390/pci: handle FH state mismatch only on disable
s390/pci: fix misleading rc in clp_set_pci_fn()
s390/boot: factor out offset_vmlinux_info() function
...
Move offsetting all of vmlinux_info fields to a separate
function for better readability.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Ship minimal stdarg.h (1 type, 4 macros) as <linux/stdarg.h>.
stdarg.h is the only userspace header commonly used in the kernel.
GPL 2 version of <stdarg.h> can be extracted from
http://archive.debian.org/debian/pool/main/g/gcc-4.2/gcc-4.2_4.2.4.orig.tar.gz
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Currently, the install target in arch/s390/Makefile descends into
arch/s390/boot/Makefile to invoke the shell script, but there is no
good reason to do so.
arch/s390/Makefile can run the shell script directly.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210729142338.446002-1-masahiroy@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
zstd decompression uses __builtin_clz() which fails back to __clzdi2()
when the kernel is built for older hardware like z900. This leads to
build failures like the following:
s390x-11.1.0-ld: /devel/src/kernel/arch/s390/boot/compressed/../../../../lib/zstd/bitstream.h:148: undefined reference to `__clzdi2'
Fix that by optionally including lib/clz_ctz.c into the decompressor.
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Fixes: 7b034d9c1b ("s390/boot: add zstd support")
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/patch-1.thread-f0f589.git-f0f58936888f.your-ad-here.call-01627564869-ext-2765@work.hours
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
This change simplifies the task of making the decompressor relocatable.
The decompressor's image contains special DMA sections between _sdma and
_edma. This DMA segment is loaded at boot as part of the decompressor and
then simply handed over to the decompressed kernel. The decompressor itself
never uses it in any way. The primary reason for this is the need to keep
the aforementioned DMA segment below 2GB which is required by architecture,
and because the decompressor is always loaded at a fixed low physical
address, it is guaranteed that the DMA region will not cross the 2GB
memory limit. If the DMA region had been placed in the decompressed kernel,
then KASLR would make this guarantee impossible to fulfill or it would
be restricted to the first 2GB of memory address space.
This commit moves all DMA sections between _sdma and _edma from
the decompressor's image to the decompressed kernel's image. The complete
DMA region is placed in the init section of the decompressed kernel and
immediately relocated below 2GB at start-up before it is needed by other
parts of the decompressed kernel. The relocation of the DMA region happens
even if the decompressed kernel is already located below 2GB in order
to keep the first implementation simple. The relocation should not have
any noticeable impact on boot time because the DMA segment is only a couple
of pages.
After relocating the DMA sections, the kernel has to fix all references
which point into it. In order to automate this, place all variables
pointing into the DMA sections in a special .dma.refs section. All such
variables must be defined using the new __dma_ref macro. Only variables
containing addresses within the DMA sections must be placed in the new
.dma.refs section.
Furthermore, move the initialization of control registers from
the decompressor to the decompressed kernel because some control registers
reference tables that must be placed in the DMA data section to
guarantee that their addresses are below 2G. Because the decompressed
kernel relocates the DMA sections at startup, the content of control
registers CR2, CR5 and CR15 must be updated with new addresses after
the relocation. The decompressed kernel initializes all control registers
early at boot and then updates the content of CR2, CR5 and CR15
as soon as the DMA relocation has occurred. This practically reverts
the commit a80313ff91 ("s390/kernel: introduce .dma sections").
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
As a preparation for moving the .dma.data section from the decompressor to
the decompressed kernel, the .dma.data section must be made relocatable
by replacing absolute memory addressing with relative one. This is required
in order to be able to relocate the DMA section to a memory address <= 2G
as required by the hardware architecture. The DMA section must be
relocated in case the decompressed kernel was loaded to an address >= 2G
which can occur if KASAN is enabled. By making the whole DMA section
position-independent we avoid applying relocations to it whenever it is
moved to a different address, which becomes possible as soon as it becomes
a part of the decompressed kernel.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Both macros are used only in decompressor's head.S, unnecessary to put
them in a global header used in many places like setup.h is.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
The new boot data struct shall replace global variables OLDMEM_BASE and
OLDMEM_SIZE. It is initialized in the decompressor and passed
to the decompressed kernel. In comparison to the old solution, this one
doesn't access data at fixed physical addresses which will become important
when the decompressor becomes relocatable.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
The new boot data struct shall replace global variables INITRD_START and
INITRD_SIZE. It is initialized in the decompressor and passed
to the decompressed kernel. In comparison to the old solution, this one
doesn't access data at fixed physical addresses which will become important
when the decompressor becomes relocatable.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
To make the decompressor relocatable, the early SCLP buffer with a fixed
address must be replaced with a relocatable C buffer of the according size
and alignment as required by SCLP.
Introduce a new function sclp_early_set_buffer() into the SCLP driver
which enables the decompressor to change the SCLP early buffer at any time.
This will be useful when the decompressor becomes fully relocatable and
might need to change the SCLP early buffer to one with an address < 2G
as required by SCLP because it was loaded at an address >= 2G.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Use STARTUP_NORMAL_OFFSET and STARTUP_KDUMP_OFFSET instead of magic numbers.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
De-duplicate checks for Protected Host Virtualization in decompressor and
kernel.
Set prot_virt_host=0 in the decompressor in *any* of the following cases
and hand it over to the decompressed kernel:
* No explicit prot_virt=1 is given on the kernel command-line
* Protected Guest Virtualization is enabled
* Hardware support not present
* kdump or stand-alone dump
The decompressed kernel needs to use only is_prot_virt_host() instead of
performing again all checks done by the decompressor.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
A dump kernel is neither required nor able to support Secure Execution.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
The functions adjust_to_uv_max() and uv_query_info() are used only
in the decompressor. Therefore, move the function declarations from
the global arch/s390/include/asm/uv.h to arch/s390/boot/uv.h.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
A buffer that can be used for communication with SCLP is required
to lie below 2GB memory address. Therefore, both sclp_info_sccb
and sclp_early_sccb must fulfill this requirement if passed directly
to the sclp_early_cmd() function. Instead, use only sclp_early_sccb
for communication with SCLP. This allows the buffer sclp_info_sccb
to be placed anywhere in the memory address space and, therefore,
simplifies the process of making the decompressor relocatable later on,
one thing less to relocate. And make sure that the length of the new unified
early SCLP buffer is no less than the length of the removed sclp_info_sccb
buffer which might be larger than the length of the sclp_early_sccb buffer.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
* The linux/spinlock.h header was included indirectly by the decompressor
and brought unnecessary build dependencies.
* Use proper includes in files which either directly or indirectly included
cio.h and were hidden until now by the included linux/spinlock.h, e.g.
linux/string.h for memcpy() or asm/page.h for PAGE_SIZE.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Instead of using constant addresses for the normal and dump-info stacks,
allocate both stacks in the decompressor's image and load the stack register
in a position-independent manner.
This will allow loading and entering the decompressor at an arbitrary
memory address without corrupting the content at the fixed addresses
used until now for both stacks. This is one of the prerequisites
for being able to kexec the decompressor from its load address without
relocating it first.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
To prevent multiple incompatible declarations of symbols and to catch
such mistakes at compile time.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
The DMA code section of the decompressor must be compiled with expolines
if Spectre V2 mitigation has been enabled for the decompressed kernel.
This is required because although the decompressor's image contains
the DMA code section, it is handed over to the decompressed kernel for use.
Because the DMA code is already slow w/o expolines, use expolines always
regardless whether the decompressed kernel is using them or not. This
simplifies the DMA code by dropping the conditional compilation of
expolines.
Fixes: bf72630130 ("s390: use proper expoline sections for .dma code")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 5.2
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
The magic string "S390EP" at offset 0x10008 indicated to the decompressed
kernel that it was booted by the decompressor. Introduce a new bootdata
flag instead which conveys the same information in an explicit and
a cleaner way. But keep the magic string because it is a kernel ABI.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Turns out that the bit 61 in the TEID is not always 1 and if that's
the case the address space ID and the address are
unpredictable. Without an address and its address space ID we can't
export memory and hence we can only send a SIGSEGV to the process or
panic the kernel depending on who caused the exception.
Unfortunately bit 61 is only reliable if we have the "misc" UV feature
bit.
Signed-off-by: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Fixes: 084ea4d611 ("s390/mm: add (non)secure page access exceptions handlers")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
The tprot() inline asm temporarily changes the program check new psw
to redirect a potential program check on the diag instruction.
Restoring of the program check new psw is done in C code behind the
inline asm.
This can be problematic, especially if the function is inlined, since
the compiler can reorder instructions in such a way that a different
instruction, which may result in a program check, might be executed
before the program check new psw has been restored.
To avoid such a scenario move restoring into the inline asm. For
consistency reasons move also saving of the original program check new
psw into the inline asm.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
The __diag260() inline asm temporarily changes the program check new
psw to redirect a potential program check on the diag instruction.
Restoring of the program check new psw is done in C code behind the
inline asm.
This can be problematic, especially if the function is inlined, since
the compiler can reorder instructions in such a way that a different
instruction, which may result in a program check, might be executed
before the program check new psw has been restored.
To avoid such a scenario move restoring into the inline asm. For
consistency reasons move also saving of the original program check new
psw into the inline asm.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
The __diag308() inline asm temporarily changes the program check new
psw to redirect a potential program check on the diag instruction.
Restoring of the program check new psw is done in C code behind the
inline asm.
This can be problematic, especially if the function is inlined, since
the compiler can reorder instructions in such a way that a different
instruction, which may result in a program check, might be executed
before the program check new psw has been restored.
To avoid such a scenario move restoring into the inline asm. For
consistency reasons move also saving of the original program check new
psw into the inline asm.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Enable ztsd support in s390/boot, to enable booting with zstd
compressed kernel when configured with CONFIG_KERNEL_ZSTD=y.
BOOT_HEAP_SIZE is defined to 0x30000 in this case. Actual decompressor
memory usage with allyesconfig is currently 0x26150.
BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1931725
Signed-off-by: Dimitri John Ledkov <dimitri.ledkov@canonical.com>
cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
cc: linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210615114150.325080-1-dimitri.ledkov@canonical.com
[gor: added BOOT_HEAP_SIZE for zstd]
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Currently BOOT_HEAP_SIZE is always defined as 0x400000 due to
bogus condition. Use CONFIG_KERNEL_BZIP2 instead of
CONFIG_HAVE_KERNEL_BZIP2 to correct that.
BOOT_HEAP_SIZE of 0x10000 is still good enough for every decompressor
algorithm but bzip2. Actual decompressor memory usage with allyesconfig
is the following:
gzip 0xbc28
bzip2 0x379518
xz 0x7410
lzma 0x3e6c
lzo 0
lz4 0
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Currently there are two separate places where kernel memory layout has
to be known and adjusted:
1. early kasan setup.
2. paging setup later.
Those 2 places had to be kept in sync and adjusted to reflect peculiar
technical details of one another. With additional factors which influence
kernel memory layout like ultravisor secure storage limit, complexity
of keeping two things in sync grew up even more.
Besides that if we look forward towards creating identity mapping and
enabling DAT before jumping into uncompressed kernel - that would also
require full knowledge of and control over kernel memory layout.
So, de-duplicate and move kernel memory layout setup logic into
the decompressor.
Reviewed-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Use simple sed/tr instead of perl to generate decompressor symbols
file with the same result.
Signed-off-by: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
[gor: changed commit message]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/a48c51f8-5fe4-87e7-284e-c96e2381801a@landley.net
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Access the kernel command line via parmarea instead of using the
COMMAND_LINE define.
With this the following gcc11 warning is removed:
arch/s390/boot/ipl_parm.c: In function ‘setup_boot_command_line’:
arch/s390/boot/ipl_parm.c:168:50: warning: writing 1 byte into a region of size 0 [-Wstringop-overflow=]
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Since commit 9a965ea95135 ("s390/kexec_file: Simplify parmarea
access") we have struct parmarea which describes the layout of the
kernel parameter area.
Make the kernel parameter area available as global variable parmarea
of type struct parmarea, which allows to easily access its members.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
With gcc-11, there are a lot of warnings because the facility functions
are accessing lowcore through a null pointer. Fix this by moving the
facility arrays away from lowcore.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
The number reported by the query is N-1 and I think people reading the
sysfs file would expect N instead. For users creating VMs there's no
actual difference because KVM's limit is currently below the UV's
limit.
Signed-off-by: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com>
Fixes: a0f60f8431 ("s390/protvirt: Add sysfs firmware interface for Ultravisor information")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
With the intoduction of hardware tag-based KASAN some kernel checks of
this kind:
ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
will be updated to:
if defined(CONFIG_KASAN_GENERIC) || defined(CONFIG_KASAN_SW_TAGS)
x86 and s390 use a trick to #undef CONFIG_KASAN for some of the code
that isn't linked with KASAN runtime and shouldn't have any KASAN
annotations.
Also #undef CONFIG_KASAN_GENERIC with CONFIG_KASAN.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/9d84bfaaf8fabe0fc89f913c9e420a30bd31a260.1606161801.git.andreyknvl@google.com
Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Tested-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Branislav Rankov <Branislav.Rankov@arm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Evgenii Stepanov <eugenis@google.com>
Cc: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
More and more functionality from the early boot phase gets carried over
to the decompressor. With this the complexity of the code and thus the
chance to introduce bugs increases. In order to be able to debug these
early boot bugs the distributions have to package the decompressors
vmlinux together with the other debuginfos. However for that the
distributions require the vmlinux to contain a build-id.
Per default the section containing the build-id is placed first in the
section table. So make sure to move it behind the .text section
otherwise the image would be unbootable.
Signed-off-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Add kernel command line and last breaking event.
The kernel command line is taken from early_command_line and printed
only if kernel is not running as protected virtualization guest and
if it has been already initialized from the "COMMAND_LINE".
Linux version 5.10.0-rc3-22794-gecaa72788df0-dirty (gor@tuxmaker) #28 SMP PREEMPT Mon Nov 9 17:41:20 CET 2020
Kernel command line: audit_enable=0 audit=0 selinux=0 crashkernel=296M root=/dev/dasda1 dasd=ec5b
memblock=debug die
Kernel fault: interruption code 0005 ilc:2
PSW : 0000000180000000 0000000000012f92 (parse_boot_command_line+0x27a/0x46c)
R:0 T:0 IO:0 EX:0 Key:0 M:0 W:0 P:0 AS:0 CC:0 PM:0 RI:0 EA:3
GPRS: 0000000000000000 00ffffffffffffff 0000000000000000 000000000001a65c
000000000000bf60 0000000000000000 00000000000003c0 0000000000000000
0000000000000080 000000000002322d 000000007f29ef20 0000000000efd018
000000000311c000 0000000000010070 0000000000012f82 000000000000bea8
Call Trace:
(sp:000000000000bea8 [<000000000002016e>] 000000000002016e)
sp:000000000000bf18 [<0000000000012408>] startup_kernel+0x88/0x2fc
sp:000000000000bf60 [<00000000000100c4>] startup_normal+0xb0/0xb0
Last Breaking-Event-Address:
[<00000000000135ba>] strcmp+0x22/0x24
Reviewed-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Viktor Mihajlovski <mihajlov@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Information printed by print_pgm_check_info() is crucial for
debugging decompressor problems. Printing instruction addresses is
better than nothing, but turns further debugging into tedious job of
figuring out which function those addresses correspond to.
This change adds simplistic symbols resolution support. And adds %pS
format specifier support to decompressor_printk().
Decompressor symbols list is extracted and sorted with
nm -n -S:
...
0000000000010000 0000000000000014 T startup
0000000000010014 00000000000000b0 t startup_normal
0000000000010180 00000000000000b2 t startup_kdump
...
Then functions are filtered and contracted to a form:
"10000 14 startup\0""10014 b0 startup_normal\0""10180 b2 startup_kdump\0"
...
Which makes it trivial to find beginning of an entry and names are 0
terminated, so could be used as is. Symbols are binary-searched.
To get symbols list with final addresses and then get it into the
decompressor's image the same trick as for kallsyms is used.
Decompressor's vmlinux is linked twice.
Symbols are stored in .decompressor.syms section, current size is about
2kb.
Reviewed-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Use SYM_CODE_* annotations for asm functions, so that function lengths
are recognized correctly.
Also currently the most part of startup is marked as startup_kdump. Move
misplaced startup_kdump where it belongs.
$ nm -n -S arch/s390/boot/compressed/vmlinux
Before:
0000000000010000 T startup
0000000000010010 T startup_kdump
After:
0000000000010000 0000000000000014 T startup
0000000000010014 00000000000000b0 t startup_normal
0000000000010180 00000000000000b2 t startup_kdump
Reviewed-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
The decompressor does not have any special debug means. Running the
kernel under qemu with gdb is helpful but tedious exercise if done
repeatedly. It is also not applicable to debugging under LPAR and z/VM.
One special thing which stands out is a working sclp_early_printk,
which could be used once the kernel switches to 64-bit addressing mode.
But sclp_early_printk does not provide any string formating capabilities.
Formatting and printing string without printk-alike function is a
not fun. The lack of printk-alike function means people would save up on
testing and introduce more bugs.
So, finally, provide decompressor_printk function, which fits on one
screen and trades features for simplicity.
It only supports "%s", "%x" and "%lx" specifiers and zero padding for
hex values.
Reviewed-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Currently we have to consider too many different values which
in the end only affect identity mapping size. These are:
1. max_physmem_end - end of physical memory online or standby.
Always <= end of the last online memory block (get_mem_detect_end()).
2. CONFIG_MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS - the maximum size of physical memory the
kernel is able to support.
3. "mem=" kernel command line option which limits physical memory usage.
4. OLDMEM_BASE which is a kdump memory limit when the kernel is executed as
crash kernel.
5. "hsa" size which is a memory limit when the kernel is executed during
zfcp/nvme dump.
Through out kernel startup and run we juggle all those values at once
but that does not bring any amusement, only confusion and complexity.
Unify all those values to a single one we should really care, that is
our identity mapping size.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
And move it earlier in the decompressor.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Fixes the following warning with CONFIG_KERNEL_UNCOMPRESSED=y
arch/s390/boot/compressed/decompressor.h:6:46: warning: non-void function
does not return a value [-Wreturn-type]
static inline void *decompress_kernel(void) {}
^
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
To make sure that the vmalloc area size is for almost all cases large
enough let it depend on the (potential) physical memory size. There is
still the possibility to override this with the vmalloc kernel command
line parameter.
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Set io/ext handlers to disabled wait in the initial lowcore, so that they
are effective right from the kernel start, when a boot method used does
not rewrite this part of the lowcore for its own needs (i.e. kexec, z/vm
ipl reader boot, qemu direct boot, load from removable media or server).
When the kernel is loaded by zipl, scsi loader or qemu loader, some or
all of the io/ext/pgm handlers addresses might be rewritten. Rewrite them
to initial values again as early as possible.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Use a more generic form for __section that requires quotes to avoid
complications with clang and gcc differences.
Remove the quote operator # from compiler_attributes.h __section macro.
Convert all unquoted __section(foo) uses to quoted __section("foo").
Also convert __attribute__((section("foo"))) uses to __section("foo")
even if the __attribute__ has multiple list entry forms.
Conversion done using the script at:
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/75393e5ddc272dc7403de74d645e6c6e0f4e70eb.camel@perches.com/2-convert_section.pl
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@gooogle.com>
Reviewed-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Early sclp console messages are printed in line mode on z/VM and LPAR,
but under kvm newlines matter. Add a missing newline between "kernel
version" and "Kernel fault".
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
From the kernel perspective NVMe dump works exactly like zFCP dump.
Therefore, adapt all places where code explicitly tests only for
IPL of type FCP DUMP. And also set the memory end correctly in this case.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Enable extracting of extra kernel command-line parameters
from the NVMe IPL block passed by the firmware to the kernel
at boot.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
startup pgm check handler is active since the very beginning of kernel
code execution until uncompressed kernel sets up s390_base_pgm_handler.
It is useful not just for the decompressor debugging itself, but also for
early code of uncompressed kernel, in particular Kasan initialization. But
since there is no stack trace or symbolic representation of failing psw
address it is impossible to figure out faulty code location without
knowing Kaslr kernel base. So, let's add it to the startup pgm check
info printed as well.
Reviewed-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Currently if just "dfltcc" is passed as a kernel command line option
"val" going to be NULL, this leads to reading at address 0 in
strcmp(val, "off")
Fix that by making sure "val" is not NULL. This does not affect option
handling logic.
Reviewed-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Currently we overflow save_area_sync and write over
save_area_async. Although this is not a real problem make
startup_pgm_check_handler consistent with late pgm check handler and
store [%r0,%r7] directly into gpregs_save_area.
Reviewed-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Since commit 394216275c ("s390: remove broken hibernate / power
management support") _swsusp_reset_dma is unused and could be safely
removed.
Reviewed-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Currently there are several minor problems with randomization base
generation code:
1. It might misbehave in low memory conditions. In particular there
might be enough space for the kernel on [0, block_sum] but after
if (base < safe_addr)
base = safe_addr;
it might not be enough anymore.
2. It does not correctly handle minimal address constraint. In condition
if (base < safe_addr)
base = safe_addr;
a synthetic value is compared with an address. If we have a memory
setup with memory holes due to offline memory regions, and safe_addr is
close to the end of the first online memory block - we might position
the kernel in invalid memory.
3. block_sum calculation logic contains off-by-one error. Let's say we
have a memory block in which the kernel fits perfectly
(end - start == kernel_size). In this case:
if (end - start < kernel_size)
continue;
block_sum += end - start - kernel_size;
block_sum is not increased, while it is a valid kernel position.
So, address problems listed and explain algorithm used. Besides that
restructuring the code makes it possible to extend kernel positioning
algorithm further. Currently we pick position in between single
[min, max] range (min = safe_addr, max = memory_limit). In future we
can do that for multiple ranges as well (by calling
count_valid_kernel_positions for each range).
Reviewed-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
0 is a valid random value. To avoid mixing it with error code 0 as an
return code make get_random() take extra argument to output random
value and return an error code.
Reviewed-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
.bss section is a part of the decompressor's image now, linker fills it
with zeros already. No need do it with memset additionally.
Reviewed-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
To make early kernel address space layout definition possible parse
prot_virt option in the decompressor and pass it to the uncompressed
kernel. This enables kasan to take ultravisor secure storage limit into
consideration and pre-define vmalloc position correctly.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
- Support static uninitialized variables in compressed kernel.
- Remove chkbss script
- Get rid of workarounds for not having .bss section
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
The replacement of <asm/pgrable.h> with <linux/pgtable.h> made the include
of the latter in the middle of asm includes. Fix this up with the aid of
the below script and manual adjustments here and there.
import sys
import re
if len(sys.argv) is not 3:
print "USAGE: %s <file> <header>" % (sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(1)
hdr_to_move="#include <linux/%s>" % sys.argv[2]
moved = False
in_hdrs = False
with open(sys.argv[1], "r") as f:
lines = f.readlines()
for _line in lines:
line = _line.rstrip('
')
if line == hdr_to_move:
continue
if line.startswith("#include <linux/"):
in_hdrs = True
elif not moved and in_hdrs:
moved = True
print hdr_to_move
print line
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Cain <bcain@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Greentime Hu <green.hu@gmail.com>
Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@pku.edu.cn>
Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Ley Foon Tan <ley.foon.tan@intel.com>
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
Cc: Nick Hu <nickhu@andestech.com>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Vincent Chen <deanbo422@gmail.com>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200514170327.31389-4-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The include/linux/pgtable.h is going to be the home of generic page table
manipulation functions.
Start with moving asm-generic/pgtable.h to include/linux/pgtable.h and
make the latter include asm/pgtable.h.
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Cain <bcain@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Greentime Hu <green.hu@gmail.com>
Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@pku.edu.cn>
Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Ley Foon Tan <ley.foon.tan@intel.com>
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
Cc: Nick Hu <nickhu@andestech.com>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Vincent Chen <deanbo422@gmail.com>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200514170327.31389-3-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The kernel fails to compile with CONFIG_PROTECTED_VIRTUALIZATION_GUEST
set but CONFIG_KVM unset.
This patch fixes the issue by making the needed variable always available.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200423120114.2027410-1-imbrenda@linux.ibm.com
Fixes: a0f60f8431 ("s390/protvirt: Add sysfs firmware interface for Ultravisor information")
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Reported-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Suggested-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
- Update maintainers. Niklas Schnelle takes over zpci and Vineeth Vijayan
common io code.
- Extend cpuinfo to include topology information.
- Add new extended counters for IBM z15 and sampling buffer allocation
rework in perf code.
- Add control over zeroing out memory during system restart.
- CCA protected key block version 2 support and other fixes/improvements
in crypto code.
- Convert to new fallthrough; annotations.
- Replace zero-length arrays with flexible-arrays.
- QDIO debugfs and other small improvements.
- Drop 2-level paging support optimization for compat tasks. Varios
mm cleanups.
- Remove broken and unused hibernate / power management support.
- Remove fake numa support which does not bring any benefits.
- Exclude offline CPUs from CPU topology masks to be more consistent
with other architectures.
- Prevent last branching instruction address leaking to userspace.
- Other small various fixes and improvements all over the code.
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Merge tag 's390-5.7-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux
Pull s390 updates from Vasily Gorbik:
- Update maintainers. Niklas Schnelle takes over zpci and Vineeth
Vijayan common io code.
- Extend cpuinfo to include topology information.
- Add new extended counters for IBM z15 and sampling buffer allocation
rework in perf code.
- Add control over zeroing out memory during system restart.
- CCA protected key block version 2 support and other
fixes/improvements in crypto code.
- Convert to new fallthrough; annotations.
- Replace zero-length arrays with flexible-arrays.
- QDIO debugfs and other small improvements.
- Drop 2-level paging support optimization for compat tasks. Varios mm
cleanups.
- Remove broken and unused hibernate / power management support.
- Remove fake numa support which does not bring any benefits.
- Exclude offline CPUs from CPU topology masks to be more consistent
with other architectures.
- Prevent last branching instruction address leaking to userspace.
- Other small various fixes and improvements all over the code.
* tag 's390-5.7-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (57 commits)
s390/mm: cleanup init_new_context() callback
s390/mm: cleanup virtual memory constants usage
s390/mm: remove page table downgrade support
s390/qdio: set qdio_irq->cdev at allocation time
s390/qdio: remove unused function declarations
s390/ccwgroup: remove pm support
s390/ap: remove power management code from ap bus and drivers
s390/zcrypt: use kvmalloc instead of kmalloc for 256k alloc
s390/mm: cleanup arch_get_unmapped_area() and friends
s390/ism: remove pm support
s390/cio: use fallthrough;
s390/vfio: use fallthrough;
s390/zcrypt: use fallthrough;
s390: use fallthrough;
s390/cpum_sf: Fix wrong page count in error message
s390/diag: fix display of diagnose call statistics
s390/ap: Remove ap device suspend and resume callbacks
s390/pci: Improve handling of unset UID
s390/pci: Fix zpci_alloc_domain() over allocation
s390/qdio: pass ISC as parameter to chsc_sadc()
...
Here are 3 SPDX patches for 5.7-rc1.
One fixes up the SPDX tag for a single driver, while the other two go
through the tree and add SPDX tags for all of the .gitignore files as
needed.
Nothing too complex, but you will get a merge conflict with your current
tree, that should be trivial to handle (one file modified by two things,
one file deleted.)
All 3 of these have been in linux-next for a while, with no reported
issues other than the merge conflict.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'spdx-5.7-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/spdx
Pull SPDX updates from Greg KH:
"Here are three SPDX patches for 5.7-rc1.
One fixes up the SPDX tag for a single driver, while the other two go
through the tree and add SPDX tags for all of the .gitignore files as
needed.
Nothing too complex, but you will get a merge conflict with your
current tree, that should be trivial to handle (one file modified by
two things, one file deleted.)
All three of these have been in linux-next for a while, with no
reported issues other than the merge conflict"
* tag 'spdx-5.7-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/spdx:
ASoC: MT6660: make spdxcheck.py happy
.gitignore: add SPDX License Identifier
.gitignore: remove too obvious comments
Add "prot_virt" command line option which controls if the kernel
protected VMs support is enabled at early boot time. This has to be
done early, because it needs large amounts of memory and will disable
some features like STP time sync for the lpar.
Extend ultravisor info definitions and expose it via uv_info struct
filled in during startup.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
[borntraeger@de.ibm.com: patch merging, splitting, fixing]
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
In case $INSTALLKERNEL is not available, we should install the kernel
image with its version number, and save the previous one accordingly.
Also, we're adding a hint so users know that they still need to
perform one more configuration step (usually adjusting zipl config).
Signed-off-by: Stefan Raspl <raspl@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
For the same reason as commit 19514fc665 ("arm, kbuild: make "make
install" not depend on vmlinux"), the install targets should never
trigger the rebuild of the kernel.
The variable, CONFIGURE, is not set by anyone. Remove it as well.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200216144829.27023-1-masahiroy@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Clang warns:
../arch/s390/boot/kaslr.c:78:25: warning: passing 'char *' to parameter
of type 'const u8 *' (aka 'const unsigned char *') converts between
pointers to integer
types with different sign [-Wpointer-sign]
(char *) entropy, (char *) entropy,
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
../arch/s390/include/asm/cpacf.h:280:28: note: passing argument to
parameter 'src' here
u8 *dest, const u8 *src, long src_len)
^
2 warnings generated.
Fix the cast to match what else is done in this function.
Fixes: b2d24b97b2 ("s390/kernel: add support for kernel address space layout randomization (KASLR)")
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/862
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200208141052.48476-1-natechancellor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
The query parameter block might contain additional information and can
be extended in the future. If the size of the block does not suffice we
get an error code of rc=0x100. The buffer will contain all information
up to the specified size and the hypervisor/guest simply do not need the
additional information as they do not know about the new data. That
means that we can (and must) accept rc=0x100 as success.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
Fixes: 5abb9351df ("s390/uv: introduce guest side ultravisor code")
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Add the new kernel command line parameter 'dfltcc=' to configure s390
zlib hardware support.
Format: { on | off | def_only | inf_only | always }
on: s390 zlib hardware support for compression on
level 1 and decompression (default)
off: No s390 zlib hardware support
def_only: s390 zlib hardware support for deflate
only (compression on level 1)
inf_only: s390 zlib hardware support for inflate
only (decompression)
always: Same as 'on' but ignores the selected compression
level always using hardware support (used for debugging)
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200103223334.20669-5-zaslonko@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Mikhail Zaslonko <zaslonko@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Cc: Eduard Shishkin <edward6@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change the conflicting macro name in preparation for zlib_inflate
hardware support.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200103223334.20669-3-zaslonko@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Mikhail Zaslonko <zaslonko@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Setting a kprobe on getname_flags() failed:
$ echo 'p:tmr1 getname_flags +0(%r2):ustring' > kprobe_events
-bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument
Debugging the kprobes code showed that the address of
getname_flags() is contained in the __bug_table. Kprobes
doesn't allow to set probes at BUG() locations.
$ objdump -j __bug_table -x build/fs/namei.o
[..]
0000000000000108 R_390_PC32 .text+0x00000000000075a8
000000000000010c R_390_PC32 .L223+0x0000000000000004
I was expecting getname_flags() to start with a BUG(), but:
7598: e3 20 10 00 00 04 lg %r2,0(%r1)
759e: c0 f4 00 00 00 00 jg 759e <putname+0x7e>
75a0: R_390_PLT32DBL kmem_cache_free+0x2
75a4: a7 f4 00 01 j 75a6 <putname+0x86>
00000000000075a8 <getname_flags>:
75a8: c0 04 00 00 00 00 brcl 0,75a8 <getname_flags>
75ae: eb 6f f0 48 00 24 stmg %r6,%r15,72(%r15)
75b4: b9 04 00 ef lgr %r14,%r15
75b8: e3 f0 ff a8 ff 71 lay %r15,-88(%r15)
So the BUG() is actually the last opcode of the previous function.
Fix this by switching to using the MONITOR CALL (MC) instruction,
and set the entry in __bug_table to the beginning of that MC.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
The KASLR offset is added to vmcoreinfo in arch_crash_save_vmcoreinfo(),
so that it can be found by crash when processing kernel dumps.
However, arch_crash_save_vmcoreinfo() is called during a subsys_initcall,
so if the kernel crashes before that, we have no vmcoreinfo and no KASLR
offset.
Fix this by storing the KASLR offset in the lowcore, where the vmcore_info
pointer will be stored, and where it can be found by crash. In order to
make it distinguishable from a real vmcore_info pointer, mark it as uneven
(KASLR offset itself is aligned to THREAD_SIZE).
When arch_crash_save_vmcoreinfo() stores the real vmcore_info pointer in
the lowcore, it overwrites the KASLR offset. At that point, the KASLR
offset is not yet added to vmcoreinfo, so we also need to move the
mem_assign_absolute() behind the vmcoreinfo_append_str().
Fixes: b2d24b97b2 ("s390/kernel: add support for kernel address space layout randomization (KASLR)")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v5.2+
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
- Adjust PMU device drivers registration to avoid WARN_ON and few other
perf improvements.
- Enhance tracing in vfio-ccw.
- Few stack unwinder fixes and improvements, convert get_wchan custom
stack unwinding to generic api usage.
- Fixes for mm helpers issues uncovered with tests validating architecture
page table helpers.
- Fix noexec bit handling when hardware doesn't support it.
- Fix memleak and unsigned value compared with zero bugs in crypto
code. Minor code simplification.
- Fix crash during kdump with kasan enabled kernel.
- Switch bug and alternatives from asm to asm_inline to improve inlining
decisions.
- Use 'depends on cc-option' for MARCH and TUNE options in Kconfig,
add z13s and z14 ZR1 to TUNE descriptions.
- Minor head64.S simplification.
- Fix physical to logical CPU map for SMT.
- Several cleanups in qdio code.
- Other minor cleanups and fixes all over the code.
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Merge tag 's390-5.5-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux
Pull s390 updates from Vasily Gorbik:
- Adjust PMU device drivers registration to avoid WARN_ON and few other
perf improvements.
- Enhance tracing in vfio-ccw.
- Few stack unwinder fixes and improvements, convert get_wchan custom
stack unwinding to generic api usage.
- Fixes for mm helpers issues uncovered with tests validating
architecture page table helpers.
- Fix noexec bit handling when hardware doesn't support it.
- Fix memleak and unsigned value compared with zero bugs in crypto
code. Minor code simplification.
- Fix crash during kdump with kasan enabled kernel.
- Switch bug and alternatives from asm to asm_inline to improve
inlining decisions.
- Use 'depends on cc-option' for MARCH and TUNE options in Kconfig, add
z13s and z14 ZR1 to TUNE descriptions.
- Minor head64.S simplification.
- Fix physical to logical CPU map for SMT.
- Several cleanups in qdio code.
- Other minor cleanups and fixes all over the code.
* tag 's390-5.5-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (41 commits)
s390/cpumf: Adjust registration of s390 PMU device drivers
s390/smp: fix physical to logical CPU map for SMT
s390/early: move access registers setup in C code
s390/head64: remove unnecessary vdso_per_cpu_data setup
s390/early: move control registers setup in C code
s390/kasan: support memcpy_real with TRACE_IRQFLAGS
s390/crypto: Fix unsigned variable compared with zero
s390/pkey: use memdup_user() to simplify code
s390/pkey: fix memory leak within _copy_apqns_from_user()
s390/disassembler: don't hide instruction addresses
s390/cpum_sf: Assign error value to err variable
s390/cpum_sf: Replace function name in debug statements
s390/cpum_sf: Use consistant debug print format for sampling
s390/unwind: drop unnecessary code around calling ftrace_graph_ret_addr()
s390: add error handling to perf_callchain_kernel
s390: always inline current_stack_pointer()
s390/mm: add mm_pxd_folded() checks to pxd_free()
s390/mm: properly clear _PAGE_NOEXEC bit when it is not supported
s390/mm: simplify page table helpers for large entries
s390/mm: make pmd/pud_bad() report large entries as bad
...
GCC unescapes escaped string section names while Clang does not. Because
__section uses the `#` stringification operator for the section name, it
doesn't need to be escaped.
This antipattern was found with:
$ grep -e __section\(\" -e __section__\(\" -r
Reported-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Message-Id: <20190812215052.71840-1-ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Commit "bpf: Process in-kernel BTF" in linux-next introduced an undefined
__weak symbol, which results in an R_390_GLOB_DAT relocation type. That
is not yet handled by the KASLR relocation code, and the kernel stops with
the message "Unknown relocation type".
Add code to detect and handle R_390_GLOB_DAT relocation types and undefined
symbols.
Fixes: 805bc0bc23 ("s390/kernel: build a relocatable kernel")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v5.2+
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
- Add support for IBM z15 machines.
- Add SHA3 and CCA AES cipher key support in zcrypt and pkey refactoring.
- Move to arch_stack_walk infrastructure for the stack unwinder.
- Various kasan fixes and improvements.
- Various command line parsing fixes.
- Improve decompressor phase debuggability.
- Lift no bss usage restriction for the early code.
- Use refcount_t for reference counters for couple of places in
mm code.
- Logging improvements and return code fix in vfio-ccw code.
- Couple of zpci fixes and minor refactoring.
- Remove some outdated documentation.
- Fix secure boot detection.
- Other various minor code clean ups.
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Merge tag 's390-5.4-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux
Pull s390 updates from Vasily Gorbik:
- Add support for IBM z15 machines.
- Add SHA3 and CCA AES cipher key support in zcrypt and pkey
refactoring.
- Move to arch_stack_walk infrastructure for the stack unwinder.
- Various kasan fixes and improvements.
- Various command line parsing fixes.
- Improve decompressor phase debuggability.
- Lift no bss usage restriction for the early code.
- Use refcount_t for reference counters for couple of places in mm
code.
- Logging improvements and return code fix in vfio-ccw code.
- Couple of zpci fixes and minor refactoring.
- Remove some outdated documentation.
- Fix secure boot detection.
- Other various minor code clean ups.
* tag 's390-5.4-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (48 commits)
s390: remove pointless drivers-y in drivers/s390/Makefile
s390/cpum_sf: Fix line length and format string
s390/pci: fix MSI message data
s390: add support for IBM z15 machines
s390/crypto: Support for SHA3 via CPACF (MSA6)
s390/startup: add pgm check info printing
s390/crypto: xts-aes-s390 fix extra run-time crypto self tests finding
vfio-ccw: fix error return code in vfio_ccw_sch_init()
s390: vfio-ap: fix warning reset not completed
s390/base: remove unused s390_base_mcck_handler
s390/sclp: Fix bit checked for has_sipl
s390/zcrypt: fix wrong handling of cca cipher keygenflags
s390/kasan: add kdump support
s390/setup: avoid using strncmp with hardcoded length
s390/sclp: avoid using strncmp with hardcoded length
s390/module: avoid using strncmp with hardcoded length
s390/pci: avoid using strncmp with hardcoded length
s390/kaslr: reserve memory for kasan usage
s390/mem_detect: provide single get_mem_detect_end
s390/cmma: reuse kstrtobool for option value parsing
...
Try to print out startup pgm check info including exact linux kernel
version, pgm interruption code and ilc, psw and general registers. Like
the following:
Linux version 5.3.0-rc7-07282-ge7b4d41d61bd-dirty (gor@tuxmaker) #3 SMP PREEMPT Thu Sep 5 16:07:34 CEST 2019
Kernel fault: interruption code 0005 ilc:2
PSW : 0000000180000000 0000000000012e52
R:0 T:0 IO:0 EX:0 Key:0 M:0 W:0 P:0 AS:0 CC:0 PM:0 RI:0 EA:3
GPRS: 0000000000000000 00ffffffffffffff 0000000000000000 0000000000019a58
000000000000bf68 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 000000000001a041 0000000000000000
0000000004c9c000 0000000000010070 0000000000012e42 000000000000beb0
This info makes it apparent that kernel startup failed and might help
to understand what went wrong without actual standalone dump.
Printing code runs on its own stack of 1 page (at unused 0x5000), which
should be sufficient for sclp_early_printk usage (typical stack usage
observed has been around 512 bytes).
The code has pgm check recursion prevention, despite pgm check info
printing failure (follow on pgm check) or success it restores original
faulty psw and gprs and does disabled wait.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Sometimes the kernel fails to boot with:
"The Linux kernel failed to boot with the KernelAddressSanitizer:
out of memory during initialisation" even with big amounts of memory when
both kaslr and kasan are enabled.
The problem is that kasan initialization code requires 1/8 of physical
memory plus some for page tables. To keep as much code instrumented
as possible kasan avoids using memblock for memory allocations. Instead
kasan uses trivial memory allocator which simply chops off the memory
from the end of online physical memory. For that reason when kaslr is
enabled together with kasan avoid positioning kernel into upper memory
region which would be utilized during kasan initialization.
Reviewed-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
get_mem_detect_end is already used in couple of places with potential
to be utilized in more cases. Provide single get_mem_detect_end
implementation in asm/mem_detect.h to be used by kasan and startup code.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Check val is not NULL before accessing it. This might happen if
corresponding kernel command line options are used without specifying
values.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Make a usable value out of "mem" option once and for all. Kasan memory
allocator just takes memory_end or online memory size as allocation
base. If memory_end is not aligned paging structures allocated in kasan
end up unaligned as well. So this change fixes potential kasan crash
as well.
Fixes: 78333d1f90 ("s390/kasan: add support for mem= kernel parameter")
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Clean uncompressed kernel .bss section in the startup code before
the uncompressed kernel is executed. At this point of time initrd and
certificates have been already rescued. Uncompressed kernel .bss size
is known from vmlinux_info. It is also taken into consideration during
uncompressed kernel positioning by kaslr (so it is safe to clean it).
With that uncompressed kernel is starting with .bss section zeroed and
no .bss section usage restrictions apply. Which makes chkbss checks for
uncompressed kernel objects obsolete and they can be removed.
early_nobss.c is also not needed anymore. Parts of it which are still
relevant are moved to early.c. Kasan initialization code is now called
directly from head64 (early.c is instrumented and should not be
executed before kasan shadow memory is set up).
Reviewed-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
sizes.h and vmlinux.scr.lds are not generated since commit 369f91c374
("s390/decompressor: rework uncompressed image info collection").
vmlinux.bin.full is not generated since commit 183ab05ff2 ("s390: get
rid of the first mb of uncompressed image").
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
The startup code is getting more complicated with features like kaslr and
secure boot in place. In a potential unexpected startup code crash case
the system would end up in a pgm check loop at address 0, overwriting
pgm check old psw value and just making debugging more complicated. To
avoid that introduce startup program check handler which is active
immediately after kernel start and until early_pgm_check_handler is set
in kernel/early.c. So it covers kernel relocation phase and transition
to it. This pgm check handler simply saves general/control registers and
psw in the save area which should guarantee that we still have something
to look at when standalone dumper is called without saving registers. And
it does disabled wait with a faulty address in the end.
Acked-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Few other crucial memory setup options are already handled in
the startup code. Those values are needed by kaslr and kasan
implementations. "vmalloc" is the last piece required for future
improvements such as early decision on kernel page levels depth required
for actual memory setup, as well as vmalloc memory area access monitoring
in kasan.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
This reverts commit db9492cef4 ("s390/protvirt: add memory sharing for
diag 308 set/store") which due to ultravisor implementation change is
not needed after all.
Fixes: db9492cef4 ("s390/protvirt: add memory sharing for diag 308 set/store")
Reviewed-by: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Add __swsusp_reset_dma declaration to avoid the following sparse warnings:
arch/s390/kernel/setup.c:107:15: warning: symbol '__swsusp_reset_dma' was not declared. Should it be static?
arch/s390/boot/startup.c:52:15: warning: symbol '__swsusp_reset_dma' was not declared. Should it be static?
Add verify_facilities declaration to avoid the following sparse warning:
arch/s390/boot/als.c:105:6: warning: symbol 'verify_facilities' was not declared. Should it be static?
Include "boot.h" into arch/s390/boot/kaslr.c to expose get_random_base
function declaration and avoid the following sparse warning:
arch/s390/boot/kaslr.c:90:15: warning: symbol 'get_random_base' was not declared. Should it be static?
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Extend "parmarea" to include an offset of the version string, which is
stored as 8-byte big endian value.
To retrieve version string from bzImage reliably, one should check the
presence of "S390EP" ascii string at 0x10008 (available since v3.2),
then read the version string offset from 0x10428 (which has been 0
since v3.2 up to now). The string is null terminated.
Could be retrieved with the following "file" command magic (requires
file v5.34):
8 string \x02\x00\x00\x18\x60\x00\x00\x50\x02\x00\x00\x68\x60\x00\x00\x50\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40 Linux S390
>0x10008 string S390EP
>>0x10428 bequad >0
>>>(0x10428.Q) string >\0 \b, version %s
Reported-by: Petr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.com>
Suggested-by: Petr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
The strtonum awk function is a GNU extension and is not available with
all versions of awk. The link of bzImage fails with this error message:
>> awk: line 2: function or never defined
>> awk: line 2: function strtonum never defined
objcopy: --pad-to: bad number: arch/s390/boot/compressed/vmlinux
Drop the awk script and the --pad-to objcopy parameter it generated and
use a FILL pattern with an appropriate alignment in the linker script
for the arch/s390/boot/compressed/vmlinux file.
Fixes: f678068652 ("s390/boot: pad bzImage to 4K")
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Suggested-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The arch/s390/boot directory is built with its own set of compiler
options that does not include -Wno-pointer-sign like the rest of
the kernel does, this causes a lot of harmless but correct warnings
when building with clang.
For the atomics, we can add type casts to avoid the warnings, for
everything else the easiest way is to slightly adapt the types
to be more consistent.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
llvm does does not understand -march=z9-109 and older target
specifiers, so disable the respective Kconfig settings and
the logic to make the boot code work on old systems when
building with clang.
Part of the early boot code is normally compiled with -march=z900
for maximum compatibility. This also has to get changed with
clang to the oldest supported ISA, which is -march=z10 here.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The disabled_wait() function uses its argument as the PSW address when
it stops the CPU with a wait PSW that is disabled for interrupts.
The different callers sometimes use a specific number like 0xdeadbeef
to indicate a specific failure, the early boot code uses 0 and some
other calls sites use __builtin_return_address(0).
At the time a dump is created the current PSW and the registers of a
CPU are written to lowcore to make them avaiable to the dump analysis
tool. For a CPU stopped with disabled_wait the PSW and the registers
do not really make sense together, the PSW address does not point to
the function the registers belong to.
Simplify disabled_wait() by using _THIS_IP_ for the PSW address and
drop the argument to the function.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The text_dma.S code uses its own macro to generate an inline version of an
expoline. To make it easier to identify all expolines in the kernel use a
thunk and a branch to the thunk just like the rest of the kernel code does
it.
The name of the text_dma.S expoline thunk is __dma__s390_indirect_jump_r14
and the section is named .dma.text.__s390_indirect_jump_r14.
This will be needed for the objtool support.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The assembler code in arch/s390 misses proper ENDPROC statements
to properly end functions in a few places. Add them.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
This patch adds support for relocating the kernel to a random address.
The random kernel offset is obtained from cpacf, using either TRNG, PRNO,
or KMC_PRNG, depending on supported MSA level.
KERNELOFFSET is added to vmcoreinfo, for crash --kaslr support.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
With a relocatable kernel that could reside at any place in memory, code
and data that has to stay below 2 GB needs special handling.
This patch introduces .dma sections for such text, data and ex_table.
The sections will be part of the decompressor kernel, so they will not
be relocated and stay below 2 GB. Their location is passed over to the
decompressed / relocated kernel via the .boot.preserved.data section.
The duald and aste for control register setup also need to stay below
2 GB, so move the setup code from arch/s390/kernel/head64.S to
arch/s390/boot/head.S. The duct and linkage_stack could reside above
2 GB, but their content has to be preserved for the decompresed kernel,
so they are also moved into the .dma section.
The start and end address of the .dma sections is added to vmcoreinfo,
for crash support, to help debugging in case the kernel crashed there.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The sccbs for init/read/sdias/early have to be located below 2 GB, and
they are currently defined as a static buffer.
With a relocatable kernel that could reside at any place in memory, this
will no longer guarantee the location below 2 GB, so use a dynamic
GFP_DMA allocation instead.
The sclp_early_sccb buffer needs special handling, as it can be used
very early, and by both the decompressor and also the decompressed
kernel. Therefore, a fixed 4 KB buffer is introduced at 0x11000, the
former PARMAREA_END. The new PARMAREA_END is now 0x12000, and it is
renamed to HEAD_END, as it is rather the end of head.S and not the end
of the parmarea.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
This patch adds support for building a relocatable kernel with -fPIE.
The kernel will be relocated to 0 early in the boot process.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Access the parmarea in head.S via a struct instead of individual offsets.
While at it make the fields in the parmarea .quads.
Signed-off-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
In order to be able to sign the bzImage independent of the block size
of the IPL device, align the bzImage to 4096 bytes.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Read the IPL Report block provided by secure-boot, add the entries
of the certificate list to the system key ring and print the list
of components.
PR: Adjust to Vasilys bootdata_preserved patch set. Preserve ipl_cert_list
for later use in kexec_file.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The IPL parameter block is used as an interface between Linux and
the machine to query and change the boot device and boot options.
To be able to create IPL parameter block in user space and pass it
as segment to kexec provide an uapi header with proper structure
definitions for the block.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The ipl_info union in struct ipl_parameter_block has the same name as
the struct ipl_info. This does not help while reading the code and the
union in struct ipl_parameter_block does not need to be named. Drop
the name from the union.
Reviewed-by: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Disallow kernel command line alteration via ipl parameter block if
running in protected virtualization environment.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The Ultravisor Call Facility (stfle bit 158) defines an API to the
Ultravisor (UV calls), a mini hypervisor located at machine
level. With help of the Ultravisor, KVM will be able to run
"protected" VMs, special VMs whose memory and management data are
unavailable to KVM.
The protected VMs can also request services from the Ultravisor.
The guest api consists of UV calls to share and unshare memory with the
kvm hypervisor.
To enable this feature support PROTECTED_VIRTUALIZATION_GUEST kconfig
option has been introduced.
Co-developed-by: Janosch Frank <frankja@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Janosch Frank <frankja@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Same as for .boot.data section make sure that .boot.preserved.data
sections of vmlinux and arch/s390/compressed/vmlinux match before
producing the compressed kernel image. Symbols presence, order and sizes
are cross-checked.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
.boot.preserved.data is a better fit for ipl block than .boot.data
which is discarded after init. Reusing .boot.preserved.data allows to
simplify code a little bit and avoid copying data from .boot.data to
persistent variables.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Introduce .boot.preserve.data section which is similar to .boot.data and
"shared" between the decompressor code and the decompressed kernel. The
decompressor will store values in it, and copy over to the decompressed
image before starting it. This method allows to avoid using pre-defined
addresses and other hacks to pass values between those boot phases.
Unlike .boot.data section .boot.preserved.data is NOT a part of init data,
and hence will be preserved for the kernel life time.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
IS_ENABLED should generally use CONFIG_ prefaced symbols and
it doesn't appear as if there is a BLK_DEV_INITRD define.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.20
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
scripts/Makefile.build and arch/s390/boot/Makefile use the same
command (thin archiving with symbol table creation).
Avoid the code duplication, and move it to scripts/Makefile.lib.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
- do not generate unneeded top-level built-in.a
- let git ignore O= directory entirely
- optimize scripts/kallsyms slightly
- exclude DWARF info from *.s regardless of config options
- fix GCC toolchain search path for Clang to prepare ld.lld support
- do not generate modules.order when CONFIG_MODULES is disabled
- simplify single target rules and remove VPATH for external module build
- allow to add optional flags to dpkg-buildpackage when building deb-pkg
- move some compiler option tests from Makefile to Kconfig
- various Makefile cleanups
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Merge tag 'kbuild-v5.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:
- do not generate unneeded top-level built-in.a
- let git ignore O= directory entirely
- optimize scripts/kallsyms slightly
- exclude DWARF info from *.s regardless of config options
- fix GCC toolchain search path for Clang to prepare ld.lld support
- do not generate modules.order when CONFIG_MODULES is disabled
- simplify single target rules and remove VPATH for external module
build
- allow to add optional flags to dpkg-buildpackage when building
deb-pkg
- move some compiler option tests from Makefile to Kconfig
- various Makefile cleanups
* tag 'kbuild-v5.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (40 commits)
kbuild: remove scripts/basic/% build target
kbuild: use -Werror=implicit-... instead of -Werror-implicit-...
kbuild: clean up scripts/gcc-version.sh
kbuild: remove cc-version macro
kbuild: update comment block of scripts/clang-version.sh
kbuild: remove commented-out INITRD_COMPRESS
kbuild: move -gsplit-dwarf, -gdwarf-4 option tests to Kconfig
kbuild: [bin]deb-pkg: add DPKG_FLAGS variable
kbuild: move ".config not found!" message from Kconfig to Makefile
kbuild: invoke syncconfig if include/config/auto.conf.cmd is missing
kbuild: simplify single target rules
kbuild: remove empty rules for makefiles
kbuild: make -r/-R effective in top Makefile for old Make versions
kbuild: move tools_silent to a more relevant place
kbuild: compute false-positive -Wmaybe-uninitialized cases in Kconfig
kbuild: refactor cc-cross-prefix implementation
kbuild: hardcode genksyms path and remove GENKSYMS variable
scripts/gdb: refactor rules for symlink creation
kbuild: create symlink to vmlinux-gdb.py in scripts_gdb target
scripts/gdb: do not descend into scripts/gdb from scripts
...
Add a warning about removing required architecture level set facilities
via "facilities=" command line option.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Add "facilities=" command line option which allows to override
facility bits returned by stfle. The main purpose of that is debugging
aids which allows to test specific kernel behaviour depending on
specific facilities presence. It also affects CPU alternatives.
"facilities=" command line option format is comma separated list of
integer values to be additionally set or cleared (if value is starting
with "!"). Values ranges are also supported. e.g.:
facilities=!130-160,159,167-169
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Reuse __stfle call instead of in-place implementation. __stfle is using
memcpy and memset functions but they are safe to use, since mem.S is
built with -march=z900.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
In Kbuild, if_changed and friends must have FORCE as a prerequisite.
Hence, $(filter-out FORCE,$^) or $(filter-out $(PHONY),$^) is a common
idiom to get the names of all the prerequisites except phony targets.
Add real-prereqs as a shorthand.
Note:
We cannot replace $(filter %.o,$^) in cmd_link_multi-m because $^ may
include auto-generated dependencies from the .*.cmd file when a single
object module is changed into a multi object module. Refer to commit
69ea912fda ("kbuild: remove unneeded link_multi_deps"). I added some
comment to avoid accidental breakage.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
When I was refactoring cmd_ar_builtin in scripts/Makefile.build,
I noticed the build breakage of s390.
Some Makefiles of s390 add extra dependencies to built-in.a;
built-in.a depends on timestamp files *.o.chkbss, but $(AR) does
not want to include them into built-in.a.
Insert a phony target 'chkbss' in between so that $(AR) can take
$(filter-out $(PHONY), $^) as input.
While I was here, I refactored Makefile.chkbss a little bit.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Avoid using arch specific implementations of string/memory functions
with KASAN since gcc cannot instrument asm code memory accesses and
many bugs could be missed.
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Currently .vmlinux.info section of uncompressed vmlinux elf image is
included into the data segment and load address specified as 0. That
extends data segment to address 0 and makes "text" and "data" segments
overlap.
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr
FileSiz MemSiz Flags Align
LOAD 0x0000000000001000 0x0000000000100000 0x0000000000100000
0x0000000000ead03c 0x0000000000ead03c R E 0x1000
LOAD 0x0000000000eaf000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
0x0000000001a13400 0x000000000233b520 RWE 0x1000
NOTE 0x0000000000eae000 0x0000000000fad000 0x0000000000fad000
0x000000000000003c 0x000000000000003c 0x4
Section to Segment mapping:
Segment Sections...
00 .text .notes
01 .rodata __ksymtab __ksymtab_gpl __ksymtab_strings __param
__modver .data..ro_after_init __ex_table .data __bug_table .init.text
.exit.text .exit.data .altinstructions .altinstr_replacement
.nospec_call_table .nospec_return_table .boot.data .init.data
.data..percpu .bss .vmlinux.info
02 .notes
Later when vmlinux.bin is produced from vmlinux, .vmlinux.info section
is removed. But elf vmlinux file, even though it is not bootable anymore,
used for debugging and loadable segments overlap should be avoided.
Utilize special ":NONE" phdr specification to avoid adding .vmlinux.info
into loadable data segment. Also set .vmlinux.info section type to INFO,
which allows to get a not-loadable info CONTENTS section.
Since minimal supported version of binutils 2.20 does not have
--dump-section objcopy option, make .vmlinux.info section loadable during
info.bin creation to get actual section contents.
Reported-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
According to Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt all build targets
using if_changed should use FORCE as well. Add missing FORCE to make
sure vmlinux decompressor targets are rebuild properly when not just
immediate prerequisites have changed but also when build command differs.
Reviewed-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Fix this allnoconfig build breakage:
arch/s390/boot/mem_detect.c: In function 'tprot':
arch/s390/boot/mem_detect.c:122:12: error: 'EFAULT' undeclared (first use in this function)
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Early boot stack uses predefined 4 pages of memory 0x8000-0xC000. This
stack is used to run not instumented decompressor/facilities
verification C code. It doesn't make sense to double its size when
the kernel is built with KASAN support. BOOT_STACK_ORDER is introduced
to avoid that.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
To lower memory footprint and speed up kasan initialisation detect
EDAT availability and use large pages if possible. As we know how
much memory is needed for initialisation, another simplistic large
page allocator is introduced to avoid memory fragmentation.
Since facilities list is retrieved anyhow, detect noexec support and
adjust pages attributes. Handle noexec kernel option to avoid inconsistent
kasan shadow memory pages flags.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Instrumented C code cannot run without the kasan shadow area. Exempt
source code files from kasan which are running before / used during
kasan initialization.
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
To distinguish zfcpdump case and to be able to parse some of the kernel
command line arguments early (e.g. mem=) ipl block retrieval and command
line construction code is moved to the early boot phase.
"memory_end" is set up correctly respecting "mem=" and hsa_size in case
of the zfcpdump.
arch/s390/boot/string.c is introduced to provide string handling and
command line parsing functions to early boot phase code for the compressed
kernel image case.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
In a situation when other memory detection methods are not available
(no SCLP and no z/VM diag260), continuous online memory is assumed.
Replacing tprot loop with faster binary search, as only online memory
end has to be found.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
When neither SCLP storage info, nor z/VM diag260 "storage configuration"
are available assume a continuous online memory of size specified by
SCLP info.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
In the case when z/VM memory is defined with "define storage config"
command, SCLP storage info is not available. Utilize diag260 "storage
configuration" call, to get information about z/VM specific guest memory
definitions with potential memory holes.
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
SCLP storage info allows to detect continuous and non-continuous online
memory under LPAR, z/VM and KVM, when standby memory is defined.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Make sure that .boot.data sections of vmlinux and
arch/s390/compressed/vmlinux match before producing the compressed kernel
image. Symbols presence, order and sizes are cross-checked.
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Move memory detection to early boot phase. To store online memory
regions "struct mem_detect_info" has been introduced together with
for_each_mem_detect_block iterator. mem_detect_info is later converted
to memblock.
Also introduces sclp_early_get_meminfo function to get maximum physical
memory and maximum increment number.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
To enable early online memory detection sclp_early_read_info has
been moved to sclp_early_core.c. sclp_info_sccb has been made a part
of .boot.data, which allows to reuse it later during early kernel
startup and make sclp_early_read_info call just once.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Introduce .boot.data section which is "shared" between the decompressor
code and the decompressed kernel. The decompressor will store values in
it, and copy over to the decompressed image before starting it. This
method allows to avoid using pre-defined addresses and other hacks to
pass values between those boot phases.
.boot.data section is a part of init data, and will be freed after kernel
initialization is complete.
For uncompressed kernel image, .boot.data section is basically the same
as .init.data
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Since compressed/misc.c is conditionally compiled move error reporting
code to boot/main.c. With that being done compressed/misc.c has no
"miscellaneous" functions left and is all about plain decompression
now. Rename it accordingly.
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
To avoid multi-stage initrd rescue operation and to simplify
assumptions during early memory allocations move initrd at some final
safe destination as early as possible. This would also allow us to
drop .bss usage restrictions for some files.
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Using .bss in early code should be avoided. It might overlay initrd
image or not yet be initialized. Clean up the last couple of places in
the decompressor's code where .bss is used and enfore no .bss usage
check on boot/compressed/misc.c. In particular:
- initializing free_mem_ptr and free_mem_end_ptr with values guarantee
that these variables won't end up in the .bss section.
- define STATIC_RW_DATA to go into .data section.
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The kernel decompressor has to know several bits of information about
uncompressed image. Currently this info is collected by running "nm" on
uncompressed vmlinux + "sed" and producing sizes.h file. This method
worked well, but it has several disadvantages. Obscure symbols name
pattern matching is fragile. Adding new values makes pattern even
longer. Logic is spread across code and make file. Limited ability to
adjust symbols values (currently magic lma value of 0x100000 is always
subtracted). Apart from that same pieces of information (and more)
would be needed for early memory detection and features like KASLR
outside of boot/compressed/ folder where sizes.h is generated.
To overcome limitations new "struct vmlinux_info" has been introduced
to include values needed for the decompressor and the rest of the
boot code. The only static instance of vmlinux_info is produced during
vmlinux link step by filling in struct fields by the linker (like it is
done with input_data in boot/compressed/vmlinux.scr.lds.S). This way
individual values could be adjusted with all the knowledge linker has
and arithmetic it supports. Later .vmlinux.info section (which contains
struct vmlinux_info) is transplanted into the decompressor image and
dropped from uncompressed image altogether.
While doing that replace "compressed/vmlinux.scr.lds.S" linker
script (whose purpose is to rename .data section in piggy.o to
.rodata.compressed) with plain objcopy command. And simplify
decompressor's linker script.
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Decompressor's head.S provided "data mover" sole purpose of which has
been to safely move uncompressed kernel at 0x100000 and jump to it.
With current bzImage layout entire decompressor's code guaranteed to be
in a safe location under 0x100000, and hence could not be overwritten
during kernel move. For that reason head.S could be replaced with simple
memmove function. To do so introduce early boot code phase which is
executed from arch/s390/boot/head.S after "verify_facilities" and takes
care of optional kernel image decompression and transition to it.
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
To be able to start a kernel image loaded into memory with a
PSW restart, place a 64-bit restart PSW at 0x1a0 in absolute
lowcore.
Suggested-by: Dominik Klein <dominik.klein@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Dominik Klein <dominik.klein@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
startup.a build rule packs a list of prerequisites into archive. That
didn't take into account extra prerequisites added by chkbss, so that
zero length *.o.chkbss files were also packed into the archive.
To avoid that filter only real object from prerequisites list.
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Correct merging error which replaced startup.a in targets list with
non-existing setup.a. Due to missing startup.a in targets list if_changed
triggered startup.a rebuild unconditionally.
Fixes: 3e200c54438d ("s390/decompressor: avoid reusing uncompressed image objects")
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Since the plain vmlinux ELF file no longer carries all necessary parts
for starting up (like the entry point and decompressor), add a check
which would block boot process and encourage users to use bzImage or
arch/s390/boot/compressed/vmlinux instead.
The check relies on s390 linux entry point ABI definition, which is only
present in bzImage and arch/s390/boot/compressed/vmlinux.
Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Acked-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The following linker construct is problematic with linkers of
binutils < 2.28:
EXCLUDE_FILE (*piggy.o) *(.rodata.*)
from 8f1732fc2a11dc of binutils:
"though the linker accepts this without complaint the
EXCLUDE_FILE part is silently ignored and has no effect."
Silent ignoring of EXCLUDE_FILE construct made .rodata.compressed be
part of .rodata, and in case of .rodata.compressed following some
unaligned data, input_len would also become unaligned.
from arch/s390/boot/compressed/vmlinux.map:
.rodata.compressed
0x0000000000012fea 0x4d57e7 arch/s390/boot/compressed/piggy.o
0x0000000000012fea input_len
0x0000000000012fee input_data
input_len is later used here:
arch/s390/boot/compressed/misc.c:113
__decompress(input_data, input_len, NULL, NULL, output, 0, NULL, error);
asm generated by gcc looks like:
.loc 3 113 0
egfrl %r11,input_len
from what assembler generates invalid (the second operand must be aligned
on a doubleword boundary):
0x00000000000129b4 <+148>: c4 bc 00 00 03 1b lgfrl %r11,0x12fea
hence specification exception is recognized.
To avoid an issue use EXCLUDE_FILE construct which is recognized by
older linkers (since at least binutils-2_11)
*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*piggy.o) .rodata.compressed)
Also ensure that .rodata.compressed is at least doubleword aligned.
Fixes: 89b5202e81 ("s390/decompressor: support uncompressed kernel")
Reported-by: Halil Pasic <pasic@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Instead of generating uncompressed kernel image starting at 0, filling
first mb with zeros (with ".org 0x100000") and then trimming it off
from vmlinux.bin before compression, simply generate a kernel image
starting from 0x100000.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
___kcrctab section is not used during the decompressor phase and could be
discarded to save the memory. It is currently generated due to lib/mem.S
usage, which exports few symbols.
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Implement uncompressed kernel support (when "None" is picked in kernel
compression mode list). In that case an actual decompression code is
skipped and control is passed from boot/head.S to startup_continue in
kernel/head64.S. To achieve that uncompressed kernel payload is
conditionally put at 0x100000 in bzImage.
In reality this is very close to classic uncompressed kernel "image",
but the decompressor has its own build and link process,
kernel/head64.S lives at 0x100000 rather than at 0x11000, and .bss
section is reused for both stages.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
If none of compression methods defined, leave suffix-y empty, so that
plain uncompressed vmlinux.bin could be reused instead.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Rename vmlinux.scr to vmlinux.scr.lds.S and add it to build rules to
enable preprocessor for it.
Also add vmlinux.scr.lds to local .gitignore
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cover the decompressor code with no .bss usage compile time check.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Optimize the decompressor's Makefile to have a single objects list.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Reusing arch/s390/lib/mem.S file solves a problem that sclp_early_core.c
and its dependencies have to be compiled with -march=z900 (no need to
compile compressed/misc.c with -march=z900). This also allows to avoid
mem functions duplicates, makes code a bit smaller and optimized mem
functions are utilized.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Re-compile ebcdic.c and sclp_early_core.c for the decompressor,
using proper decompressor CFLAGS. This also allows to potentially use
instrumentation for those files when built for the main kernel image.
With kbuild there is no easy way to re-compile a source file from
another directory. Bypass ugly rules and Makefile meta-programming
with relative path includes of original files.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Since als.c is the part of the decompressor only, there is no point in
using init sections for code and data. That's just creating extra
sections in the decompressor image.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Rename the decompressor entry point to startup_decompressor to
avoid confusion, leaving startup_continue as the entry point of the
uncompressed image.
Also remove obsolete comment, as the decompressor code is
unconditionally called from boot/head.S now.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Since uncompressed kernel image does not have to be bootable anymore,
move head.S, head_kdump.S and als.c to boot/ folder and compile them
in just in the decompressor.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Move head64.S main kernel entry point "startup_continue" to 0x100000 and
trim everything which is below 1M during build. So, that the decompressor
would unpack the main kernel image, move it to 0x100000 and jump to
startup_continue.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Dropping support for uncompressed kernel "image" build. Having
both image and bzImage makes it complicated to add new code to an
early boot phase (which is part of vmlinux for uncompressed kernel and
a separate arch/s390/boot/compressed/vmlinux for bzImage).
e.g. sclp_early_core.o is used for both, the decompressor phase and the
main kernel. The fact of having uncompressed kernel "image" forces us
to have a single object file and sacrifice instrumentation flags on such
files (so that we could use them early). The story gets much more
complicated with the need to utilize some of the string functions.
With bzImage only support, we have 2 separate boot stages each built
and linked separately, which allows to reuse some shared code, but
recompile with appropriate flags.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The decompressor requires its own set of cc and asm flags, to avoid
building with features which do not make sense at such an early boot stage
(e.g. expoline, ftrace).
Currently cc flags are already set for the decompressor, but "cflags-y"
is not exported and hence empty. To fix that and to add asm flags, define
and export KBUILD_AFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR and KBUILD_CFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR
and rely on them in the decompressor's Makefile.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
ccflags-y has no effect (no code is built in that directory,
arch/s390/boot/compressed/Makefile defines its own KBUILD_CFLAGS).
Removing ccflags-y together with COMPILE_VERSION.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Commit 81796a3c6a ("s390/decompressor: trim uncompressed
image head during the build") introduced a new
file named vmlinux.bin.full in directory
arch/s390/boot/compressed.
Add this file to the list of ignored files so it does
not show up on git status.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
For both ccw and fcp boot retrieve ipl info from ipl block received via
diag308 store. Old scsi ipl parm block handling and cio_get_iplinfo are
removed. Ipl type is deducted from ipl block (if valid).
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
It seems to be suboptimal to compress the entire image, so that we
could decompress and throw away the first 68k (0x11000) during the boot
process. This patch trims 0x11000 bytes during the build process and
adjusts symbols in size.h accordingly.
Besides making bzImage smaller, this change would also be a benefit
for kaslr. It allows to decompress the kernel right to desired offset,
without worrying about dead weight in front of the decompressed image.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Common code defines linker symbols which denote sections start/end in
a form of char []. Referencing those symbols as _symbol or &_symbol
yields the same result, but "_symbol" form is more widespread across
newly written code. Convert s390 specific code to this style.
Also removes unused _text symbol definition in boot/compressed/misc.c.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Exception table (__ex_table section) is not used during the decompressor
phase and could be discarded to save the memory. It is currently
generated due to sclp_service_call function (sclp_early_core.c). An
assumption is that decompressor usage of sclp_service_call via
sclp_early_printk should never trigger exceptions.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
__ksymtab sections created for exported symbols are not needed
during the decompressor phase and could be discarded to save the memory.
The source of those exports is ebcdic.o, which is linked into both
vmlinux and boot/compressed/vmlinux.
.eh_frame section is also unused and could be discarded from
boot/compressed/vmlinux. The same has been done for vmlinux in:
"s390/kernel: emit CFI data in .debug_frame and discard .eh_frame
sections".
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
.rodata.compressed section contains compressed linux image and is
quite large. By swapping text and rodata.compressed sections, the
decompressor code ends up between 0x11000 and 0x100000 addresses,
which makes it easier:
- to distinguish the decompressor phase from decompressed code (which
lives above 0x100000, except for small startup_continue),
- define break points which don't intersect with the main kernel image
later.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Add the correct SPDX license to a few more files under arch/s390 and
drivers/s390 which have been missed to far.
The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used
instead of the full boiler plate text.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Now that the SPDX tag is in all arch/s390/ files, that identifies the
license in a specific and legally-defined manner. So the extra GPL text
wording in the remaining files can be removed as it is no longer needed
at all.
This is done on a quest to remove the 700+ different ways that files in
the kernel describe the GPL license text. And there's unneeded stuff
like the address (sometimes incorrect) for the FSF which is never
needed.
No copyright headers or other non-license-description text was removed.
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
It's good to have SPDX identifiers in all files to make it easier to
audit the kernel tree for correct licenses.
Update the remaining arch/s390/ files with the correct SPDX license
identifier based on the license text in the file itself. The SPDX
identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of
the full boiler plate text.
This work is based on a script and data from Thomas Gleixner, Philippe
Ombredanne, and Kate Stewart.
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Pull s390 updates from Heiko Carstens:
"Since Martin is on vacation you get the s390 pull request for the
v4.15 merge window this time from me.
Besides a lot of cleanups and bug fixes these are the most important
changes:
- a new regset for runtime instrumentation registers
- hardware accelerated AES-GCM support for the aes_s390 module
- support for the new CEX6S crypto cards
- support for FORTIFY_SOURCE
- addition of missing z13 and new z14 instructions to the in-kernel
disassembler
- generate opcode tables for the in-kernel disassembler out of a
simple text file instead of having to manually maintain those
tables
- fast memset16, memset32 and memset64 implementations
- removal of named saved segment support
- hardware counter support for z14
- queued spinlocks and queued rwlocks implementations for s390
- use the stack_depth tracking feature for s390 BPF JIT
- a new s390_sthyi system call which emulates the sthyi (store
hypervisor information) instruction
- removal of the old KVM virtio transport
- an s390 specific CPU alternatives implementation which is used in
the new spinlock code"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (88 commits)
MAINTAINERS: add virtio-ccw.h to virtio/s390 section
s390/noexec: execute kexec datamover without DAT
s390: fix transactional execution control register handling
s390/bpf: take advantage of stack_depth tracking
s390: simplify transactional execution elf hwcap handling
s390/zcrypt: Rework struct ap_qact_ap_info.
s390/virtio: remove unused header file kvm_virtio.h
s390: avoid undefined behaviour
s390/disassembler: generate opcode tables from text file
s390/disassembler: remove insn_to_mnemonic()
s390/dasd: avoid calling do_gettimeofday()
s390: vfio-ccw: Do not attempt to free no-op, test and tic cda.
s390: remove named saved segment support
s390/archrandom: Reconsider s390 arch random implementation
s390/pci: do not require AIS facility
s390/qdio: sanitize put_indicator
s390/qdio: use atomic_cmpxchg
s390/nmi: avoid using long-displacement facility
s390: pass endianness info to sparse
s390/decompressor: remove informational messages
...
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The decompressor for bzImage prints two informational messages which are
not really helpful. The decompression step is fast and if something bad
happens an error message will be printed. Remove the noise.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
This is the quite trivial backend for s390 which is required to enable
FORTIFY_SOURCE support.
See commit 6974f0c455 ("include/linux/string.h: add the option of
fortified string.h functions") for more details.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Reorder the operations in decompress_kernel() to ensure initrd is moved
to a safe location before the bss section is zeroed.
During decompression bss can overlap with the initrd and this can
corrupt the initrd contents depending on the size of the compressed
kernel (which affects where the initrd is placed by the bootloader) and
the size of the bss section of the decompressor.
Also use the correct initrd size when checking for overlaps with
parmblock.
Fixes: 06c0dd72ae ([S390] fix boot failures with compressed kernels)
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Joy Latten <joy.latten@canonical.com>
Reviewed-by: Vineetha HariPai <vineetha.hari.pai@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Henrique Cerri <marcelo.cerri@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
This patch
- unifies the old sclp early code and the sclp early printk code, so
they can use common functions
- makes sure all sclp early functions and variables have the same
"sclp_early" prefix
- converts the sclp early printk code into readable code by using
existing data structures instead of hard coded magic arrays
- splits the early sclp code into two files: sclp_early.c and
sclp_early_core.c. The core file contains everything that is
required by the kernel decompressor and may not call functions not
contained within the core file. Otherwise the result would be a
link error.
- changes interrupt handling to be completely synchronous. The old
early sclp code had a small window which allowed to receive several
interrupts instead of exactly the single expected interrupt. This
did hide a subtle potential bug, which is fixed with this large
rework.
- contains a couple of small cleanups.
Reviewed-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Move the early sclp printk code to the drivers folder where also the
rest of the sclp code can be found. This way it is possible to use the
sclp private header files for further cleanups.
Reviewed-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
This was entirely automated, using the script by Al:
PATT='^[[:blank:]]*#[[:blank:]]*include[[:blank:]]*<asm/uaccess.h>'
sed -i -e "s!$PATT!#include <linux/uaccess.h>!" \
$(git grep -l "$PATT"|grep -v ^include/linux/uaccess.h)
to do the replacement at the end of the merge window.
Requested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 4fd06960f1 ("Use the new x86 setup code for i386") introduced a
reference to the make variable LINUX_INCLUDE. That reference got moved
around a bit and copied twice and now there are three references to it.
There has never been a definition of that variable. (Presumably that is
because it started out as a mistyped reference to LINUXINCLUDE.) So this
reference has always been an empty string. Let's remove it before it
spreads any further.
Signed-off-by: Paul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
We have the s390 specific THREAD_ORDER define and the THREAD_SIZE_ORDER
define which is also used in common code. Both have exactly the same
semantics. Therefore get rid of THREAD_ORDER and always use
THREAD_SIZE_ORDER instead.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
This enables UBSAN for s390. We have to disable the null sanitizer
as s390 code does access memory via a null pointer (the prefix page).
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The way the decompressor is hooked into the start-up code is rather
subtle, with a mix of multiply-defined symbols and hardcoded address
literals. Add some comments at the junction points to clarify how it
works.
Signed-off-by: Sascha Silbe <silbe@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Pull kbuild updates from Michal Marek:
- GCC plugin support by Emese Revfy from grsecurity, with a fixup from
Kees Cook. The plugins are meant to be used for static analysis of
the kernel code. Two plugins are provided already.
- reduction of the gcc commandline by Arnd Bergmann.
- IS_ENABLED / IS_REACHABLE macro enhancements by Masahiro Yamada
- bin2c fix by Michael Tautschnig
- setlocalversion fix by Wolfram Sang
* 'kbuild' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild:
gcc-plugins: disable under COMPILE_TEST
kbuild: Abort build on bad stack protector flag
scripts: Fix size mismatch of kexec_purgatory_size
kbuild: make samples depend on headers_install
Kbuild: don't add obj tree in additional includes
Kbuild: arch: look for generated headers in obtree
Kbuild: always prefix objtree in LINUXINCLUDE
Kbuild: avoid duplicate include path
Kbuild: don't add ../../ to include path
vmlinux.lds.h: replace config_enabled() with IS_ENABLED()
kconfig.h: allow to use IS_{ENABLE,REACHABLE} in macro expansion
kconfig.h: use already defined macros for IS_REACHABLE() define
export.h: use __is_defined() to check if __KSYM_* is defined
kconfig.h: use __is_defined() to check if MODULE is defined
kbuild: setlocalversion: print error to STDERR
Add sancov plugin
Add Cyclomatic complexity GCC plugin
GCC plugin infrastructure
Shared library support
There is no reason to have this code in assembly language. Therefore
convert it to C.
Note that this code needs special treatment: it is called very early
and one of the side effects is that e.g. the bss section is not
cleared. Therefore the preferred way for static variables is to put
them on the stack which has a size of 16KB.
There is no functional change with this patch.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Sascha Silbe <silbe@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
There are very few files that need add an -I$(obj) gcc for the preprocessor
or the assembler. For C files, we add always these for both the objtree and
srctree, but for the other ones we require the Makefile to add them, and
Kbuild then adds it for both trees.
As a preparation for changing the meaning of the -I$(obj) directive to
only refer to the srctree, this changes the two instances in arch/x86 to use
an explictit $(objtree) prefix where needed, otherwise we won't find the
headers any more, as reported by the kbuild 0day builder.
arch/x86/realmode/rm/realmode.lds.S:75:20: fatal error: pasyms.h: No such file or directory
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
Now that hopefully all inline assemblies have been converted to single
basic blocks we can enable kcov on s390.
Note that this patch does not disable as many files on s390 like the
x86 variant does. Right now I didn't see a reason to do that, however
additional files or directories can be excluded at any time.
The runtime overhead seems to be quite high.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Since commit 2aedcd098a ('kbuild: suppress annoying "... is up to
date." message'), $(call if_changed,...) is evaluated to "@:"
when there is nothing to do.
We no longer need to add "@:" after $(call if_changed,...) to
suppress "... is up to date." message.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
my gcc 5.1 used an ldgr instruction with a register != 0,2,4,6 for
spilling/filling into a floating point register in our decompressor.
This will cause an AFP-register data exception as the decompressor
did not setup the additional floating point registers via cr0.
That causes a program check loop that looked like a hang with
one "Uncompressing Linux... " message (directly booted via kvm)
or a loop of "Uncompressing Linux... " messages (when booted via
zipl boot loader).
The offending code in my build was
48e400: e3 c0 af ff ff 71 lay %r12,-1(%r10)
-->48e406: b3 c1 00 1c ldgr %f1,%r12
48e40a: ec 6c 01 22 02 7f clij %r6,2,12,0x48e64e
but gcc could do spilling into an fpr at any function. We can
simply disable floating point support at that early stage.
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
When loading x86 64bit kernel above 4GiB with patched grub2, got kernel
gunzip error.
| early console in decompress_kernel
| decompress_kernel:
| input: [0x807f2143b4-0x807ff61aee]
| output: [0x807cc00000-0x807f3ea29b] 0x027ea29c: output_len
| boot via startup_64
| KASLR using RDTSC...
| new output: [0x46fe000000-0x470138cfff] 0x0338d000: output_run_size
| decompress: [0x46fe000000-0x47007ea29b] <=== [0x807f2143b4-0x807ff61aee]
|
| Decompressing Linux... gz...
|
| uncompression error
|
| -- System halted
the new buffer is at 0x46fe000000ULL, decompressor_gzip is using
0xffffffb901ffffff as out_len. gunzip in lib/zlib_inflate/inflate.c cap
that len to 0x01ffffff and decompress fails later.
We could hit this problem with crashkernel booting that uses kexec loading
kernel above 4GiB.
We have decompress_* support:
1. inbuf[]/outbuf[] for kernel preboot.
2. inbuf[]/flush() for initramfs
3. fill()/flush() for initrd.
This bug only affect kernel preboot path that use outbuf[].
Add __decompress and take real out_buf_len for gunzip instead of guessing
wrong buf size.
Fixes: 1431574a1c (lib/decompressors: fix "no limit" output buffer length)
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com>
Cc: Jon Medhurst <tixy@linaro.org>
Cc: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rename a couple of files to get rid of the "64" suffix.
"git blame" will still work.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Remove the 31 bit support in order to reduce maintenance cost and
effectively remove dead code. Since a couple of years there is no
distribution left that comes with a 31 bit kernel.
The 31 bit kernel also has been broken since more than a year before
anybody noticed. In addition I added a removal warning to the kernel
shown at ipl for 5 minutes: a960062e58 ("s390: add 31 bit warning
message") which let everybody know about the plan to remove 31 bit
code. We didn't get any response.
Given that the last 31 bit only machine was introduced in 1999 let's
remove the code.
Anybody with 31 bit user space code can still use the compat mode.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
_sclp_print_early() has return value: at present, return 0 for OK, 1 for
failure. It returns '%r2', so use 'long' as return value (upper caller
can check '%r2' directly). The related warning:
CC arch/s390/boot/compressed/misc.o
arch/s390/boot/compressed/misc.c:66:8: warning: type defaults to 'int' in declaration of '_sclp_print_early' [-Wimplicit-int]
extern _sclp_print_early(const char *);
^
At present, _sclp_print_early() is only used by puts(), so can still
remain its declaration in 'misc.c' file.
[heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com]: move declaration to sclp.h header file
Signed-off-by: Chen Gang <gang.chen.5i5j@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Add -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks to CFLAGS for the code in
arch/s390/boot. Without the option a compressed kernel built with
gcc 4.9 won't boot.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The compressed kernel image is built since commit "[S390] add support for
compressed kernels" (1844c9bc0b).
Now install the compressed kernel image (bzImage) as default.
Signed-off-by: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Because of a change in the s390 arch backend of binutils (commit 23ecd77
"Pick the default arch depending on the target size" in binutils repo)
31 bit builds will fail since the linker would now try to create 64 bit
binary output.
Fix this by setting OUTPUT_ARCH to s390:31-bit instead of s390.
Thanks to Andreas Krebbel for figuring out the issue.
Fixes this build error:
LD init/built-in.o
s390x-4.7.2-ld: s390:31-bit architecture of input file
`arch/s390/kernel/head.o' is incompatible with s390:64-bit output
Cc: Andreas Krebbel <Andreas.Krebbel@de.ibm.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The early kernel decrompressing code can't call into the kernel
in order to profile branches. Fixes this link error:
arch/s390/boot/compressed/misc.o: In function `decompress_kernel':
misc.c:(.text+0x9a6): undefined reference to `ftrace_likely_update'
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Our memcpy and memcmp variants were implemented by calling the corresponding
gcc builtin variants.
However gcc is free to replace a call to __builtin_memcmp with a call to memcmp
which, when called, will result in an endless recursion within memcmp.
So let's provide asm variants and also fix the variants that are used for
uncompressing the kernel image.
In addition remove all other occurences of builtin function calls.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Remove last traces of our kerntypes patch which was always an addon
patch which never got upstream. Somehow a few bits got upstream
anyway.
Since kerntypes aren't used anymore and lcrash isn't maintained (for
s390 at least) remove the last traces of kerntypes that somehow went
upstream. Also remove the documentation that mentions lcrash.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The alignment is missing for various global symbols in s390 assembly code.
With a recent gcc and an instruction like stgrl this can lead to a
specification exception if the instruction uses such a mis-aligned address.
Specify the alignment explicitely and while add it define __ALIGN for s390
and use the ENTRY define to save some lines of code.
Signed-off-by: Jan Glauber <jang@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
* 'trivial' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild-2.6: (25 commits)
video: change to new flag variable
scsi: change to new flag variable
rtc: change to new flag variable
rapidio: change to new flag variable
pps: change to new flag variable
net: change to new flag variable
misc: change to new flag variable
message: change to new flag variable
memstick: change to new flag variable
isdn: change to new flag variable
ieee802154: change to new flag variable
ide: change to new flag variable
hwmon: change to new flag variable
dma: change to new flag variable
char: change to new flag variable
fs: change to new flag variable
xtensa: change to new flag variable
um: change to new flag variables
s390: change to new flag variable
mips: change to new flag variable
...
Fix up trivial conflict in drivers/hwmon/Makefile
Replace EXTRA_CFLAGS with ccflags-y.
Signed-off-by: matt mooney <mfm@muteddisk.com>
Acked-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Add support for XZ compressed kernel. Same as on x86 and sh.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The 'output' variable is passed from decompress_kernel to
check_ipl_parmblock before it is initialized. That disables the
safe guard against the overwrite of the ipl parameter block.
Fix this by passing the correct value to check_ipl_parmblock.
Reported-by: David Binderman <dcb314@hotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Fix two bugs with the kernel image compression:
1) reset the bss section of the compressed vmlinux
2) clear the high half of the registers for 64 bit early enough
for the decompression step
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Add the "bzImage" compile target and the necessary code to generate
compressed kernel images. The old style uncompressed "image" target
is preserved, a simple make will build them both.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Replace the use of CROSS_COMPILE to select a customized
installkernel script with the possibility to set INSTALLKERNEL
to select a custom installkernel script when running make:
make INSTALLKERNEL=arm-installkernel install
With this patch we are now more consistent across
different architectures - they did not all support use
of CROSS_COMPILE.
The use of CROSS_COMPILE was a hack as this really belongs
to gcc/binutils and the installkernel script does not change
just because we change toolchain.
The use of CROSS_COMPILE caused troubles with an upcoming patch
that saves CROSS_COMPILE when a kernel is built - it would no
longer be installable.
[Thanks to Peter Z. for this hint]
This patch undos what Ian did in commit:
0f8e2d62fa
("use ${CROSS_COMPILE}installkernel in arch/*/boot/install.sh")
The patch has been lightly tested on x86 only - but all changes
looks obvious.
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> [blackfin]
Acked-by: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> [arm]
Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> [sh]
Acked-by: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> [x86]
Cc: Ian Campbell <icampbell@arcom.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> [ia64]
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com> [ia64]
Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org> [m32r]
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> [m68k]
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca> [parisc]
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> [powerpc]
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> [s390]
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> [x86]
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> [x86]
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
The attached patch causes the various arch specific install.sh scripts to
look for ${CROSS_COMPILE}installkernel rather than just installkernel (in
both /sbin/ and ~/bin/ where the script already did this). This allows you
to have e.g. arm-linux-installkernel as a handy way to install on your
cross target. It also prevents the script picking up on the host
/sbin/installkernel which causes the script to fall through and do the
install itself (which is what I actually use myself, with $INSTALL_PATH
set).
I don't believe it causes back-compatibility problems since calling the
host installkernel was never likely to work or be what you wanted when
cross compiling anyway. If $CROSS_COMPILE isn't set then nothing changes.
I only use ARM and i386 myself but I figured it couldn't hurt to do the
whole lot. I've cc'd those who I hope are the arch maintainers for files
that I've touched.
Signed-off-by: Ian Campbell <icampbell@arcom.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
