And clean up various stale declarations and macros that this turned up.
In particular:
- Don't install pthread.h or aio.h in THREAD_MODEL=single mode.
- Don't define mkstemp and friends, since WASI currently has no support for
temporary directories.
Add at least a one-line comment on every
`#ifdef __wasilibc_unmodified_upstream` briefly indicating what its
purpose is.
While here, reenable some of the code that was previously disabled when
getenv wasn't supported, as getenv is now supported.