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</style><a href="index.html">Index </a>·
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<a href="../libudev/index.html">gudev </a><span style="float:right">systemd 219</span><hr><div class="refentry"><a name="os-release"></a><div class="titlepage"></div><div class="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>os-release — Operating system identification</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><p><code class="filename">/etc/os-release</code></p><p><code class="filename">/usr/lib/os-release</code></p></div><div class="refsect1"><a name="idm140198371434416"></a><h2 id="Description">Description<a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this headline" href="#Description">¶</a></h2><p>The <code class="filename">/etc/os-release</code> and
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<code class="filename">/usr/lib/os-release</code> files contain operating
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system identification data.</p><p>The basic file format of <code class="filename">os-release</code> is
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a newline-separated list of environment-like shell-compatible
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variable assignments. It is possible to source the configuration
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from shell scripts, however, beyond mere variable assignments, no
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shell features are supported (this means variable expansion is
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explicitly not supported), allowing applications to read the file
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without implementing a shell compatible execution engine. Variable
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assignment values must be enclosed in double or single quotes if
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they include spaces, semicolons or other special characters
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outside of A-Z, a-z, 0-9. Shell special characters ("$", quotes,
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backslash, backtick) must be escaped with backslashes, following
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shell style. All strings should be in UTF-8 format, and
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non-printable characters should not be used. It is not supported
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to concatenate multiple individually quoted strings. Lines
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beginning with "#" shall be ignored as comments.</p><p>The file <code class="filename">/etc/os-release</code> takes
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precedence over <code class="filename">/usr/lib/os-release</code>.
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Applications should check for the former, and exclusively use its
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data if it exists, and only fall back to
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<code class="filename">/usr/lib/os-release</code> if it is missing.
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Applications should not read data from both files at the same
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time. <code class="filename">/usr/lib/os-release</code> is the recommended
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place to store OS release information as part of vendor trees.
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<code class="filename">/etc/os-release</code> should be a relative symlink
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to <code class="filename">/usr/lib/os-release</code>, to provide
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compatibility with applications only looking at
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<code class="filename">/etc</code>. A relative symlink instead of an
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absolute symlink is necessary to avoid breaking the link in a
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chroot or initrd environment such as dracut.</p><p><code class="filename">os-release</code> contains data that is
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defined by the operating system vendor and should generally not be
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changed by the administrator.</p><p>As this file only encodes names and identifiers it should
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not be localized.</p><p>The <code class="filename">/etc/os-release</code> and
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<code class="filename">/usr/lib/os-release</code> files might be symlinks
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to other files, but it is important that the file is available
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from earliest boot on, and hence must be located on the root file
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system.</p><p>For a longer rationale for <code class="filename">os-release</code>
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please refer to the <a class="ulink" href="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/os-release" target="_top">Announcement of
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<code class="filename">/etc/os-release</code></a>.</p></div><div class="refsect1"><a name="idm140198367708304"></a><h2 id="Options">Options<a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this headline" href="#Options">¶</a></h2><p>The following OS identifications parameters may be set using
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<code class="filename">os-release</code>:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt id="NAME="><span class="term"><code class="varname">NAME=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#NAME=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>A string identifying the operating system,
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without a version component, and suitable for presentation to
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the user. If not set, defaults to
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"<code class="literal">NAME=Linux</code>". Example:
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"<code class="literal">NAME=Fedora</code>" or "<code class="literal">NAME="Debian
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GNU/Linux"</code>".</p></dd><dt id="VERSION="><span class="term"><code class="varname">VERSION=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#VERSION=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>A string identifying the operating system
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version, excluding any OS name information, possibly including
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a release code name, and suitable for presentation to the
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user. This field is optional. Example:
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"<code class="literal">VERSION=17</code>" or "<code class="literal">VERSION="17 (Beefy
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Miracle)"</code>".</p></dd><dt id="ID="><span class="term"><code class="varname">ID=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#ID=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>A lower-case string (no spaces or other
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characters outside of 0-9, a-z, ".", "_" and "-") identifying
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the operating system, excluding any version information and
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suitable for processing by scripts or usage in generated
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filenames. If not set, defaults to
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"<code class="literal">ID=linux</code>". Example:
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"<code class="literal">ID=fedora</code>" or
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"<code class="literal">ID=debian</code>".</p></dd><dt id="ID_LIKE="><span class="term"><code class="varname">ID_LIKE=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#ID_LIKE=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>A space-separated list of operating system
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identifiers in the same syntax as the <code class="varname">ID=</code>
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setting. It should list identifiers of operating systems that
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are closely related to the local operating system in regards
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to packaging and programming interfaces, for example listing
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one or more OS identifiers the local OS is a derivative from.
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An OS should generally only list other OS identifiers it
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itself is a derivative of, and not any OSes that are derived
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from it, though symmetric relationships are possible. Build
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scripts and similar should check this variable if they need to
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identify the local operating system and the value of
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<code class="varname">ID=</code> is not recognized. Operating systems
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should be listed in order of how closely the local operating
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system relates to the listed ones, starting with the closest.
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This field is optional. Example: for an operating system with
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"<code class="literal">ID=centos</code>", an assignment of
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"<code class="literal">ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"</code>" would be appropriate.
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For an operating system with "<code class="literal">ID=ubuntu</code>", an
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assignment of "<code class="literal">ID_LIKE=debian</code>" is
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appropriate.</p></dd><dt id="VERSION_ID="><span class="term"><code class="varname">VERSION_ID=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#VERSION_ID=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>A lower-case string (mostly numeric, no spaces
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or other characters outside of 0-9, a-z, ".", "_" and "-")
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identifying the operating system version, excluding any OS
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name information or release code name, and suitable for
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processing by scripts or usage in generated filenames. This
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field is optional. Example: "<code class="literal">VERSION_ID=17</code>"
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or "<code class="literal">VERSION_ID=11.04</code>".</p></dd><dt id="PRETTY_NAME="><span class="term"><code class="varname">PRETTY_NAME=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#PRETTY_NAME=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>A pretty operating system name in a format
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suitable for presentation to the user. May or may not contain
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a release code name or OS version of some kind, as suitable.
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If not set, defaults to
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"<code class="literal">PRETTY_NAME="Linux"</code>". Example:
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"<code class="literal">PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 17 (Beefy
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Miracle)"</code>".</p></dd><dt id="ANSI_COLOR="><span class="term"><code class="varname">ANSI_COLOR=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#ANSI_COLOR=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>A suggested presentation color when showing
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the OS name on the console. This should be specified as string
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suitable for inclusion in the ESC [ m ANSI/ECMA-48 escape code
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for setting graphical rendition. This field is optional.
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Example: "<code class="literal">ANSI_COLOR="0;31"</code>" for red, or
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"<code class="literal">ANSI_COLOR="1;34"</code>" for light
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blue.</p></dd><dt id="CPE_NAME="><span class="term"><code class="varname">CPE_NAME=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#CPE_NAME=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>A CPE name for the operating system, following
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the <a class="ulink" href="https://cpe.mitre.org/specification/" target="_top">Common
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Platform Enumeration Specification</a> as proposed by the
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MITRE Corporation. This field is optional. Example:
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"<code class="literal">CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:17"</code>"
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</p></dd><dt id="HOME_URL="><span class="term"><code class="varname">HOME_URL=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">SUPPORT_URL=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">BUG_REPORT_URL=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">PRIVACY_POLICY_URL=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#HOME_URL=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Links to resources on the Internet related the
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operating system. <code class="varname">HOME_URL=</code> should refer to
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the homepage of the operating system, or alternatively some
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homepage of the specific version of the operating system.
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<code class="varname">SUPPORT_URL=</code> should refer to the main
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support page for the operating system, if there is any. This
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is primarily intended for operating systems which vendors
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provide support for. <code class="varname">BUG_REPORT_URL=</code> should
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refer to the main bug reporting page for the operating system,
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if there is any. This is primarily intended for operating
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systems that rely on community QA.
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<code class="varname">PRIVACY_POLICY_URL=</code> should refer to the
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main privacy policy page for the operation system, if there is
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any. These settings are optional, and providing only some of
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these settings is common. These URLs are intended to be
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exposed in "About this system" UIs behind links with captions
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such as "About this Operating System", "Obtain Support",
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"Report a Bug", or "Privacy Policy". The values should be in
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<a class="ulink" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986" target="_top">RFC3986
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format</a>, and should be "<code class="literal">http:</code>" or
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"<code class="literal">https:</code>" URLs, and possibly
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"<code class="literal">mailto:</code>" or "<code class="literal">tel:</code>". Only
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one URL shall be listed in each setting. If multiple resources
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need to be referenced, it is recommended to provide an online
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landing page linking all available resources. Examples:
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"<code class="literal">HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"</code>" and
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"<code class="literal">BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"</code>"</p></dd><dt id="BUILD_ID="><span class="term"><code class="varname">BUILD_ID=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#BUILD_ID=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>A string uniquely identifying the system image
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used as the origin for a distribution (it is not updated with
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system updates). The field can be identical between different
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VERSION_IDs as BUILD_ID is an only a unique identifier to a
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specific version. Distributions that release each update as a
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new version would only need to use VERSION_ID as each build is
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already distinct based on the VERSION_ID. This field is
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optional. Example: "<code class="literal">BUILD_ID="2013-03-20.3"</code>"
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or "<code class="literal">BUILD_ID=201303203</code>".
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</p></dd></dl></div><p>If you are reading this file from C code or a shell script
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to determine the OS or a specific version of it, use the
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<code class="varname">ID</code> and <code class="varname">VERSION_ID</code> fields,
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possibly with <code class="varname">ID_LIKE</code> as fallback for
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<code class="varname">ID</code>. When looking for an OS identification
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string for presentation to the user use the
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<code class="varname">PRETTY_NAME</code> field.</p><p>Note that operating system vendors may choose not to provide
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version information, for example to accommodate for rolling
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releases. In this case, <code class="varname">VERSION</code> and
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<code class="varname">VERSION_ID</code> may be unset. Applications should
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not rely on these fields to be set.</p><p>Operating system vendors may extend the file
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format and introduce new fields. It is highly
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recommended to prefix new fields with an OS specific
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name in order to avoid name clashes. Applications
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reading this file must ignore unknown fields. Example:
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"<code class="literal">DEBIAN_BTS="debbugs://bugs.debian.org/"</code>"</p></div><div class="refsect1"><a name="idm140198366925392"></a><h2 id="Example">Example<a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this headline" href="#Example">¶</a></h2><pre class="programlisting">NAME=Fedora
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VERSION="17 (Beefy Miracle)"
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ID=fedora
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VERSION_ID=17
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PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 17 (Beefy Miracle)"
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ANSI_COLOR="0;34"
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CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:17"
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HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"
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BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"</pre></div><div class="refsect1"><a name="idm140198366923728"></a><h2 id="See Also">See Also<a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this headline" href="#See%20Also">¶</a></h2><p>
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<a href="systemd.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">systemd</span>(1)</span></a>,
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<a href="lsb_release.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lsb_release</span>(1)</span></a>,
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<a href="hostname.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">hostname</span>(5)</span></a>,
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<a href="machine-id.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">machine-id</span>(5)</span></a>,
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<a href="machine-info.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">machine-info</span>(5)</span></a>
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</p></div></div></body></html>
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