Description¶

systemd-analyze may be used to determine system boot-up performance statistics and retrieve other state and tracing information from the system and service manager, and to verify the correctness of unit files.

systemd-analyze time prints the time spent in the kernel before userspace has been reached, the time spent in the initial RAM disk (initrd) before normal system userspace has been reached, and the time normal system userspace took to initialize. Note that these measurements simply measure the time passed up to the point where all system services have been spawned, but not necessarily until they fully finished initialization or the disk is idle.

systemd-analyze blame prints a list of all running units, ordered by the time they took to initialize. This information may be used to optimize boot-up times. Note that the output might be misleading as the initialization of one service might be slow simply because it waits for the initialization of another service to complete.

systemd-analyze critical-chain [UNIT...] prints a tree of the time-critical chain of units (for each of the specified UNITs or for the default target otherwise). The time after the unit is active or started is printed after the "@" character. The time the unit takes to start is printed after the "+" character. Note that the output might be misleading as the initialization of one service might depend on socket activation and because of the parallel execution of units.

systemd-analyze plot prints an SVG graphic detailing which system services have been started at what time, highlighting the time they spent on initialization.

systemd-analyze dot generates textual dependency graph description in dot format for further processing with the GraphViz dot(1) tool. Use a command line like systemd-analyze dot | dot -Tsvg > systemd.svg to generate a graphical dependency tree. Unless --order or --require is passed, the generated graph will show both ordering and requirement dependencies. Optional pattern globbing style specifications (e.g. *.target) may be given at the end. A unit dependency is included in the graph if any of these patterns match either the origin or destination node.

systemd-analyze dump outputs a (usually very long) human-readable serialization of the complete server state. Its format is subject to change without notice and should not be parsed by applications.

systemd-analyze set-log-level LEVEL changes the current log level of the systemd daemon to LEVEL (accepts the same values as --log-level= described in systemd(1)).

systemd-analyze verify will load unit files and print warnings if any errors are detected. Files specified on the command line will be loaded, but also any other units referenced by them. This command works by prepending the directories for all command line arguments at the beginning of the unit load path, which means that all units files found in those directories will be used in preference to the unit files found in the standard locations, even if not listed explicitly.

If no command is passed, systemd-analyze time is implied.

Options¶

The following options are understood:

Exit status¶

On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise.

Examples for dot¶

$ systemd-analyze dot 'avahi-daemon.*' | dot -Tsvg > avahi.svg
                        $ eog avahi.svg

systemd-analyze dot --to-pattern='*.target' --from-pattern='*.target' | dot -Tsvg > targets.svg
$ eog targets.svg

Examples for verify¶

The following errors are currently detected:

$ cat ./user.slice
[Unit]
WhatIsThis=11
Documentation=man:nosuchfile(1)
Requires=different.service

[Service]
Desription=x

$ systemd-verify ./user.slice
[./user.slice:9] Unknown lvalue 'WhatIsThis' in section 'Unit'
[./user.slice:13] Unknown section 'Service'. Ignoring.
Error: org.freedesktop.systemd1.LoadFailed:
         Unit different.service failed to load:
         No such file or directory.
Failed to create user.slice/start: Invalid argument
user.slice: man nosuchfile(1) command failed with code 16
                        

$ tail ./a.socket ./b.socket
==> ./a.socket <==
[Socket]
ListenStream=100

==> ./b.socket <==
[Socket]
ListenStream=100
Accept=yes

$ systemd-verify ./a.socket ./b.socket
Service a.service not loaded, a.socket cannot be started.
Service b@0.service not loaded, b.socket cannot be started.
                        

Environment¶

See Also¶

systemd(1), systemctl(1)