systemd.network — Network configuration
network.network
Network setup is performed by systemd-networkd(8).
Network files must have the extension
.network; other extensions are ignored.
Networks are applied to links whenever the links appear.
The .network files are read from the
files located in the system network directory
/usr/lib/systemd/network, the volatile
runtime network directory
/run/systemd/network and the local
administration network directory
/etc/systemd/network. All configuration files
are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order, regardless
of the directories in which they live. However, files with
identical filenames replace each other. Files in
/etc have the highest priority, files in
/run take precedence over files with the same
name in /usr/lib. This can be used to
override a system-supplied configuration file with a local file if
needed; a symlink in /etc with the same name
as a configuration file in /usr/lib, pointing
to /dev/null, disables the configuration file
entirely.
The network file contains a "[Match]"
section, which determines if a given network file may be applied
to a given device; and a "[Network]" section
specifying how the device should be configured. The first (in
lexical order) of the network files that matches a given device
is applied.
A network file is said to match a device if each of the
entries in the "[Match]" section matches, or if
the section is empty. The following keys are accepted:
MACAddress=¶The hardware address.
Path=¶A whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs
matching the persistent path, as exposed by the udev
property "ID_PATH".
Driver=¶A whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs
matching the driver currently bound to the device, as
exposed by the udev property "DRIVER"
of its parent device, or if that is not set the driver
as exposed by "ethtool -i" of the
device itself.
Type=¶A whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs
matching the device type, as exposed by the udev property
"DEVTYPE".
Name=¶A whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs
matching the device name, as exposed by the udev property
"INTERFACE".
Host=¶Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the
host. See "ConditionHost=" in
systemd.unit(5)
for details.
Virtualization=¶Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized
environment and optionally test whether it is a specific
implementation. See "ConditionVirtualization=" in
systemd.unit(5)
for details.
KernelCommandLine=¶Checks whether a specific kernel command line option is
set (or if prefixed with the exclamation mark unset). See
"ConditionKernelCommandLine=" in
systemd.unit(5)
for details.
Architecture=¶Checks whether the system is running on a specific
architecture. See "ConditionArchitecture=" in
systemd.unit(5)
for details.
The "[Network]" section accepts the following keys:
Description=¶A description of the device. This is only used for presentation purposes.
DHCP=¶Enables DHCPv4 and/or DHCPv6 support. Accepts
"yes", "no",
"ipv4", or "ipv6".
DHCPServer=¶A boolean. Enables a basic DHCPv4 server on the device. Mostly useful for handing out leases to container instances.
LinkLocalAddressing=¶Enables link-local address autoconfiguration. Accepts
"yes", "no",
"ipv4", or "ipv6". Defaults to
"ipv6".
IPv4LLRoute=¶A boolean. When true, sets up the route needed for non-IPv4LL hosts to communicate with IPv4LL-only hosts. Defaults to false.
IPv6Token=¶An IPv6 address with the top 64 bits unset. When set, indicates the 64 bits interface part of SLAAC IPv6 addresses for this link. By default it is autogenerated.
LLMNR=¶A boolean or "resolve". When true, enables
Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution on the link, when set to
"resolve" only resolution is enabled, but not
announcement. Defaults to true.
LLDP=¶A boolean. When true, enables LLDP link receive support.
Address=¶A static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix length,
separated by a "/" character. Specify
this key more than once to configure several addresses.
The format of the address must be as described in
inet_pton(3).
This is a short-hand for an [Address] section only
containing an Address key (see below). This option may be
specified more than once.
If the specified address is 0.0.0.0 (for IPv4) or [::] (for IPv6), a new address range of the requested size is automatically allocated from a system-wide pool of unused ranges. The allocated range is checked against all current network interfaces and all known network configuration files to avoid address range conflicts. The default system-wide pool consists of 192.168.0.0/16, 172.16.0.0/12 and 10.0.0.0/8 for IPv4, and fc00::/7 for IPv6. This functionality is useful to manage a large number of dynamically created network interfaces with the same network configuration and automatic address range assignment.
Gateway=¶The gateway address, which must be in the format described in inet_pton(3). This is a short-hand for a [Route] section only containing a Gateway key. This option may be specified more than once.
DNS=¶A DNS server address, which must be in the format described in inet_pton(3). This option may be specified more than once.
Domains=¶The domains used for DNS resolution over this link.
NTP=¶An NTP server address. This option may be specified more than once.
IPForward=¶Configures IP forwarding for the network
interface. If enabled incoming packets on the network
interface will be forwarded to other interfaces according to
the routing table. Takes either a boolean argument, or the
values "ipv4" or "ipv6",
which only enables IP forwarding for the specified address
family.
IPMasquerade=¶Configures IP masquerading for the network
interface. If enabled packets forwarded from the network
interface will be appear as coming from the local host.
Takes a boolean argument. Implies
IPForward=yes.
Bridge=¶The name of the bridge to add the link to.
Bond=¶The name of the bond to add the link to.
VLAN=¶The name of a VLAN to create on the link. This option may be specified more than once.
MACVLAN=¶The name of a MACVLAN to create on the link. This option may be specified more than once.
VXLAN=¶The name of a VXLAN to create on the link. This option may be specified more than once.
Tunnel=¶The name of a Tunnel to create on the link. This option may be specified more than once.
An "[Address]" section accepts the
following keys. Specify several "[Address]"
sections to configure several addresses.
Address=¶As in the "[Network]" section. This
key is mandatory.
Peer=¶The peer address in a point-to-point connection.
Accepts the same format as the "Address"
key.
Broadcast=¶The broadcast address, which must be in the format
described in
inet_pton(3).
This key only applies to IPv4 addresses. If it is not
given, it is derived from the "Address"
key.
Label=¶An address label.
The "[Route]" section accepts the
following keys. Specify several "[Route]"
sections to configure several routes.
Gateway=¶As in the "[Network]" section.
Destination=¶The destination prefix of the route. Possibly followed by a slash and the prefixlength. If omitted, a full-length host route is assumed.
Source=¶The source prefix of the route. Possibly followed by a slash and the prefixlength. If omitted, a full-length host route is assumed.
Metric=¶The metric of the route. An unsigned integer
Scope=¶The scope of the route. One of the values "global",
"link" or "host". Defaults to
"global".
The "[DHCP]" section accepts the following keys:
UseDNS=¶When true (the default), the DNS servers received from the DHCP server will be used and take precedence over any statically configured ones.
UseMTU=¶When true, the interface maximum transmission unit from the DHCP server will be used on the current link. Defaults to false.
SendHostname=¶When true (the default), the machine's hostname will be sent to the DHCP server
UseHostname=¶When true (the default), the hostname received from the DHCP server will be used as the transient hostname.
UseDomains=¶When true (not the default), the domain name received from the DHCP server will be used for DNS resolution over this link.
UseRoutes=¶When true (the default), the static routes will be requested from the DHCP server and added to the routing table with metric of 1024.
CriticalConnection=¶When true, the connection will never be torn down even if the DHCP lease expires. This is contrary to the DHCP specification, but may be the best choice if, say, the root filesystem relies on this connection. Defaults to false.
VendorClassIdentifier=¶The vendor class identifier used to identify vendor type and configuration.
RequestBroadcast=¶Request the server to use broadcast messages before the IP address has been configured. This is necessary for devices that cannot receive RAW packets, or that cannot receive packets at all before an IP address has been configured. On the other hand, this must not be enabled on networks where broadcasts are filtered out.
RouteMetric=¶Set the routing metric for routes specified by the DHCP server.
The "[Bridge]" section accepts the
following keys.
Cost=¶Each port in a bridge may have different speed. Cost is used to decide which link to use. Faster interfaces should have lower costs
The "[BridgeFDB]" section manages the
forwarding database table of a port and accepts the following
keys. Specify several "[BridgeFDB]" sections to
configure several static MAC table entries.
Example 1. /etc/systemd/network/50-static.network
[Match] Name=enp2s0 [Network] Address=192.168.0.15/24 Gateway=192.168.0.1
Example 3. /etc/systemd/network/bridge-static.network
[Match] Name=bridge0 [Network] Address=192.168.0.15/24 Gateway=192.168.0.1 DNS=192.168.0.1
Example 4. /etc/systemd/network/bridge-slave-interface.network
[Match] Name=enp2s0 [Network] Bridge=bridge0