qemu-server/PVE/QemuServer/CPUConfig.pm

package PVE::QemuServer::CPUConfig;

use strict;
use warnings;

use PVE::JSONSchema;
use PVE::Cluster qw(cfs_register_file cfs_read_file);
use PVE::QemuServer::Helpers qw(min_version);

use base qw(PVE::SectionConfig Exporter);

our @EXPORT_OK = qw(
print_cpu_device
get_cpu_options
);

# under certain race-conditions, this module might be loaded before pve-cluster
# has started completely, so ensure we don't prevent the FUSE mount with our dir
if (PVE::Cluster::check_cfs_is_mounted(1)) {
    mkdir "/etc/pve/virtual-guest";
}

my $default_filename = "virtual-guest/cpu-models.conf";
cfs_register_file($default_filename,
		  sub { PVE::QemuServer::CPUConfig->parse_config(@_); },
		  sub { PVE::QemuServer::CPUConfig->write_config(@_); });

sub load_custom_model_conf {
    return cfs_read_file($default_filename);
}

my $cpu_vendor_list = {
    # Intel CPUs
    486 => 'GenuineIntel',
    pentium => 'GenuineIntel',
    pentium2 => 'GenuineIntel',
    pentium3 => 'GenuineIntel',
    coreduo => 'GenuineIntel',
    core2duo => 'GenuineIntel',
    Conroe => 'GenuineIntel',
    Penryn => 'GenuineIntel',
    Nehalem => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Nehalem-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
    Westmere => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Westmere-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
    SandyBridge => 'GenuineIntel',
    'SandyBridge-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
    IvyBridge => 'GenuineIntel',
    'IvyBridge-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
    Haswell => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Haswell-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Haswell-noTSX' => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Haswell-noTSX-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
    Broadwell => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Broadwell-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Broadwell-noTSX' => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Broadwell-noTSX-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Skylake-Client' => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Skylake-Client-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Skylake-Client-noTSX-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Skylake-Server' => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Skylake-Server-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Skylake-Server-noTSX-IBRS' => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Cascadelake-Server' => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Cascadelake-Server-noTSX' => 'GenuineIntel',
    KnightsMill => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Icelake-Client' => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Icelake-Client-noTSX' => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Icelake-Server' => 'GenuineIntel',
    'Icelake-Server-noTSX' => 'GenuineIntel',

    # AMD CPUs
    athlon => 'AuthenticAMD',
    phenom => 'AuthenticAMD',
    Opteron_G1 => 'AuthenticAMD',
    Opteron_G2 => 'AuthenticAMD',
    Opteron_G3 => 'AuthenticAMD',
    Opteron_G4 => 'AuthenticAMD',
    Opteron_G5 => 'AuthenticAMD',
    EPYC => 'AuthenticAMD',
    'EPYC-IBPB' => 'AuthenticAMD',
    'EPYC-Rome' => 'AuthenticAMD',

    # generic types, use vendor from host node
    host => 'default',
    kvm32 => 'default',
    kvm64 => 'default',
    qemu32 => 'default',
    qemu64 => 'default',
    max => 'default',
};

my @supported_cpu_flags = (
    'pcid',
    'spec-ctrl',
    'ibpb',
    'ssbd',
    'virt-ssbd',
    'amd-ssbd',
    'amd-no-ssb',
    'pdpe1gb',
    'md-clear',
    'hv-tlbflush',
    'hv-evmcs',
    'aes'
);
my $cpu_flag_supported_re = qr/([+-])(@{[join('|', @supported_cpu_flags)]})/;
my $cpu_flag_any_re = qr/([+-])([a-zA-Z0-9\-_\.]+)/;

our $qemu_cmdline_cpu_re = qr/^((?>[+-]?[\w\-\._=]+,?)+)$/;

my $cpu_fmt = {
    cputype => {
	description => "Emulated CPU type. Can be default or custom name (custom model names must be prefixed with 'custom-').",
	type => 'string',
	format_description => 'string',
	default => 'kvm64',
	default_key => 1,
	optional => 1,
    },
    'reported-model' => {
	description => "CPU model and vendor to report to the guest. Must be a QEMU/KVM supported model."
		     . " Only valid for custom CPU model definitions, default models will always report themselves to the guest OS.",
	type => 'string',
	enum => [ sort { lc("$a") cmp lc("$b") } keys %$cpu_vendor_list ],
	default => 'kvm64',
	optional => 1,
    },
    hidden => {
	description => "Do not identify as a KVM virtual machine.",
	type => 'boolean',
	optional => 1,
	default => 0
    },
    'hv-vendor-id' => {
	type => 'string',
	pattern => qr/[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,12}/,
	format_description => 'vendor-id',
	description => 'The Hyper-V vendor ID. Some drivers or programs inside Windows guests need a specific ID.',
	optional => 1,
    },
    flags => {
	description => "List of additional CPU flags separated by ';'."
		     . " Use '+FLAG' to enable, '-FLAG' to disable a flag."
		     . " Custom CPU models can specify any flag supported by"
		     . " QEMU/KVM, VM-specific flags must be from the following"
		     . " set for security reasons: @{[join(', ', @supported_cpu_flags)]}.",
	format_description => '+FLAG[;-FLAG...]',
	type => 'string',
	pattern => qr/$cpu_flag_any_re(;$cpu_flag_any_re)*/,
	optional => 1,
    },
    'phys-bits' => {
	type => 'string',
	format => 'pve-phys-bits',
	format_description => '8-64|host',
	description => "The physical memory address bits that are reported to"
		     . " the guest OS. Should be smaller or equal to the host's."
		     . " Set to 'host' to use value from host CPU, but note that"
		     . " doing so will break live migration to CPUs with other values.",
	optional => 1,
    },
};

PVE::JSONSchema::register_format('pve-phys-bits', \&parse_phys_bits);
sub parse_phys_bits {
    my ($str, $noerr) = @_;

    my $err_msg = "value must be an integer between 8 and 64 or 'host'\n";

    if ($str !~ m/^(host|\d{1,2})$/) {
	die $err_msg if !$noerr;
	return;
    }

    if ($str =~ m/^\d+$/ && (int($str) < 8 || int($str) > 64)) {
	die $err_msg if !$noerr;
	return;
    }

    return $str;
}

# $cpu_fmt describes both the CPU config passed as part of a VM config, as well
# as the definition of a custom CPU model. There are some slight differences
# though, which we catch in the custom validation functions below.
PVE::JSONSchema::register_format('pve-cpu-conf', $cpu_fmt, \&validate_cpu_conf);
sub validate_cpu_conf {
    my ($cpu) = @_;

    # required, but can't be forced in schema since it's encoded in section
    # header for custom models
    die "CPU is missing cputype\n" if !$cpu->{cputype};

    return $cpu;
}
PVE::JSONSchema::register_format('pve-vm-cpu-conf', $cpu_fmt, \&validate_vm_cpu_conf);
sub validate_vm_cpu_conf {
    my ($cpu) = @_;

    validate_cpu_conf($cpu);

    my $cputype = $cpu->{cputype};

    # a VM-specific config is only valid if the cputype exists
    if (is_custom_model($cputype)) {
	# dies on unknown model
	get_custom_model($cputype);
    } else {
	die "Built-in cputype '$cputype' is not defined (missing 'custom-' prefix?)\n"
	    if !defined($cpu_vendor_list->{$cputype});
    }

    # in a VM-specific config, certain properties are limited/forbidden

    die "VM-specific CPU flags must be a subset of: @{[join(', ', @supported_cpu_flags)]}\n"
	if ($cpu->{flags} && $cpu->{flags} !~ m/^$cpu_flag_supported_re(;$cpu_flag_supported_re)*$/);

    die "Property 'reported-model' not allowed in VM-specific CPU config.\n"
	if defined($cpu->{'reported-model'});

    return $cpu;
}

# Section config settings
my $defaultData = {
    # shallow copy, since SectionConfig modifies propertyList internally
    propertyList => { %$cpu_fmt },
};

sub private {
    return $defaultData;
}

sub options {
    return { %$cpu_fmt };
}

sub type {
    return 'cpu-model';
}

sub parse_section_header {
    my ($class, $line) = @_;

    my ($type, $sectionId, $errmsg, $config) =
	$class->SUPER::parse_section_header($line);

    return if !$type;
    return ($type, $sectionId, $errmsg, {
	# name is given by section header, and we can always prepend 'custom-'
	# since we're reading the custom CPU file
	cputype => "custom-$sectionId",
    });
}

sub write_config {
    my ($class, $filename, $cfg) = @_;

    mkdir "/etc/pve/virtual-guest";

    for my $model (keys %{$cfg->{ids}}) {
	my $model_conf = $cfg->{ids}->{$model};

	die "internal error: tried saving built-in CPU model (or missing prefix): $model_conf->{cputype}\n"
	    if !is_custom_model($model_conf->{cputype});

	die "internal error: tried saving custom cpumodel with cputype (ignoring prefix: $model_conf->{cputype}) not equal to \$cfg->ids entry ($model)\n"
	    if "custom-$model" ne $model_conf->{cputype};

	# saved in section header
	delete $model_conf->{cputype};
    }

    $class->SUPER::write_config($filename, $cfg);
}

sub add_cpu_json_properties {
    my ($prop) = @_;

    foreach my $opt (keys %$cpu_fmt) {
	$prop->{$opt} = $cpu_fmt->{$opt};
    }

    return $prop;
}

sub get_cpu_models {
    my ($include_custom) = @_;

    my $models = [];

    for my $default_model (keys %{$cpu_vendor_list}) {
	push @$models, {
	    name => $default_model,
	    custom => 0,
	    vendor => $cpu_vendor_list->{$default_model},
	};
    }

    return $models if !$include_custom;

    my $conf = load_custom_model_conf();
    for my $custom_model (keys %{$conf->{ids}}) {
	my $reported_model = $conf->{ids}->{$custom_model}->{'reported-model'};
	$reported_model //= $cpu_fmt->{'reported-model'}->{default};
	my $vendor = $cpu_vendor_list->{$reported_model};
	push @$models, {
	    name => "custom-$custom_model",
	    custom => 1,
	    vendor => $vendor,
	};
    }

    return $models;
}

sub is_custom_model {
    my ($cputype) = @_;
    return $cputype =~ m/^custom-/;
}

# Use this to get a single model in the format described by $cpu_fmt.
# Allows names with and without custom- prefix.
sub get_custom_model {
    my ($name, $noerr) = @_;

    $name =~ s/^custom-//;
    my $conf = load_custom_model_conf();

    my $entry = $conf->{ids}->{$name};
    if (!defined($entry)) {
	die "Custom cputype '$name' not found\n" if !$noerr;
	return;
    }

    my $model = {};
    for my $property (keys %$cpu_fmt) {
	if (my $value = $entry->{$property}) {
	    $model->{$property} = $value;
	}
    }

    return $model;
}

# Print a QEMU device node for a given VM configuration for hotplugging CPUs
sub print_cpu_device {
    my ($conf, $id) = @_;

    my $kvm = $conf->{kvm} // 1;
    my $cpu = $kvm ? "kvm64" : "qemu64";
    if (my $cputype = $conf->{cpu}) {
	my $cpuconf = PVE::JSONSchema::parse_property_string('pve-vm-cpu-conf', $cputype)
	    or die "Cannot parse cpu description: $cputype\n";
	$cpu = $cpuconf->{cputype};

	if (is_custom_model($cpu)) {
	    my $custom_cpu = get_custom_model($cpu);

	    $cpu = $custom_cpu->{'reported-model'} //
		$cpu_fmt->{'reported-model'}->{default};
	}
    }

    my $cores = $conf->{cores} || 1;

    my $current_core = ($id - 1) % $cores;
    my $current_socket = int(($id - 1 - $current_core)/$cores);

    return "$cpu-x86_64-cpu,id=cpu$id,socket-id=$current_socket,core-id=$current_core,thread-id=0";
}

# Resolves multiple arrays of hashes representing CPU flags with metadata to a
# single string in QEMU "-cpu" compatible format. Later arrays have higher
# priority.
#
# Hashes take the following format:
# {
#     aes => {
#         op => "+", # defaults to "" if undefined
#         reason => "to support AES acceleration", # for override warnings
#         value => "" # needed for kvm=off (value: off) etc...
#     },
#     ...
# }
sub resolve_cpu_flags {
    my $flags = {};

    for my $hash (@_) {
	for my $flag_name (keys %$hash) {
	    my $flag = $hash->{$flag_name};
	    my $old_flag = $flags->{$flag_name};

	    $flag->{op} //= "";
	    $flag->{reason} //= "unknown origin";

	    if ($old_flag) {
		my $value_changed = (defined($flag->{value}) != defined($old_flag->{value})) ||
				    (defined($flag->{value}) && $flag->{value} ne $old_flag->{value});

		if ($old_flag->{op} eq $flag->{op} && !$value_changed) {
		    $flags->{$flag_name}->{reason} .= " & $flag->{reason}";
		    next;
		}

		my $old = print_cpuflag_hash($flag_name, $flags->{$flag_name});
		my $new = print_cpuflag_hash($flag_name, $flag);
		warn "warning: CPU flag/setting $new overwrites $old\n";
	    }

	    $flags->{$flag_name} = $flag;
	}
    }

    my $flag_str = '';
    # sort for command line stability
    for my $flag_name (sort keys %$flags) {
	$flag_str .= ',';
	$flag_str .= $flags->{$flag_name}->{op};
	$flag_str .= $flag_name;
	$flag_str .= "=$flags->{$flag_name}->{value}"
	    if $flags->{$flag_name}->{value};
    }

    return $flag_str;
}

sub print_cpuflag_hash {
    my ($flag_name, $flag) = @_;
    my $formatted = "'$flag->{op}$flag_name";
    $formatted .= "=$flag->{value}" if defined($flag->{value});
    $formatted .= "'";
    $formatted .= " ($flag->{reason})" if defined($flag->{reason});
    return $formatted;
}

sub parse_cpuflag_list {
    my ($re, $reason, $flaglist) = @_;

    my $res = {};
    return $res if !$flaglist;

    foreach my $flag (split(";", $flaglist)) {
	if ($flag =~ m/^$re$/) {
	    $res->{$2} = { op => $1, reason => $reason };
	}
    }

    return $res;
}

# Calculate QEMU's '-cpu' argument from a given VM configuration
sub get_cpu_options {
    my ($conf, $arch, $kvm, $kvm_off, $machine_version, $winversion, $gpu_passthrough) = @_;

    my $cputype = $kvm ? "kvm64" : "qemu64";
    if ($arch eq 'aarch64') {
	$cputype = 'cortex-a57';
    }

    my $cpu = {};
    my $custom_cpu;
    my $hv_vendor_id;
    if (my $cpu_prop_str = $conf->{cpu}) {
	$cpu = PVE::JSONSchema::parse_property_string('pve-vm-cpu-conf', $cpu_prop_str)
	    or die "Cannot parse cpu description: $cpu_prop_str\n";

	$cputype = $cpu->{cputype};

	if (is_custom_model($cputype)) {
	    $custom_cpu = get_custom_model($cputype);

	    $cputype = $custom_cpu->{'reported-model'} //
		$cpu_fmt->{'reported-model'}->{default};
	    $kvm_off = $custom_cpu->{hidden}
		if defined($custom_cpu->{hidden});
	    $hv_vendor_id = $custom_cpu->{'hv-vendor-id'};
	}

	# VM-specific settings override custom CPU config
	$kvm_off = $cpu->{hidden}
	    if defined($cpu->{hidden});
	$hv_vendor_id = $cpu->{'hv-vendor-id'}
	    if defined($cpu->{'hv-vendor-id'});
    }

    my $pve_flags = get_pve_cpu_flags($conf, $kvm, $cputype, $arch, $machine_version);

    my $hv_flags = $kvm
	? get_hyperv_enlightenments(
	    $winversion,
	    $machine_version,
	    $conf->{bios},
	    $gpu_passthrough,
	    $hv_vendor_id,
	)
	: undef;

    my $custom_cputype_flags = parse_cpuflag_list($cpu_flag_any_re,
	"set by custom CPU model", $custom_cpu->{flags});

    my $vm_flags = parse_cpuflag_list($cpu_flag_supported_re,
	"manually set for VM", $cpu->{flags});

    my $pve_forced_flags = {};
    $pve_forced_flags->{'enforce'} = {
	reason => "error if requested CPU settings not available",
    } if $cputype ne 'host' && $kvm && $arch eq 'x86_64';
    $pve_forced_flags->{'kvm'} = {
	value => "off",
	reason => "hide KVM virtualization from guest",
    } if $kvm_off;

    # $cputype is the "reported-model" for custom types, so we can just look up
    # the vendor in the default list
    my $cpu_vendor = $cpu_vendor_list->{$cputype};
    if ($cpu_vendor) {
	$pve_forced_flags->{'vendor'} = {
	    value => $cpu_vendor,
	} if $cpu_vendor ne 'default';
    } elsif ($arch ne 'aarch64') {
	die "internal error"; # should not happen
    }

    my $cpu_str = $cputype;

    # will be resolved in parameter order
    $cpu_str .= resolve_cpu_flags($pve_flags, $hv_flags, $custom_cputype_flags,
			      $vm_flags, $pve_forced_flags);

    my $phys_bits = '';
    foreach my $conf ($custom_cpu, $cpu) {
	next if !defined($conf);
	my $conf_val = $conf->{'phys-bits'};
	next if !$conf_val;
	if ($conf_val eq 'host') {
	    $phys_bits = ",host-phys-bits=true";
	} else {
	    $phys_bits = ",phys-bits=$conf_val";
	}
    }
    $cpu_str .= $phys_bits;

    return ('-cpu', $cpu_str);
}

# Some hardcoded flags required by certain configurations
sub get_pve_cpu_flags {
    my ($conf, $kvm, $cputype, $arch, $machine_version) = @_;

    my $pve_flags = {};
    my $pve_msg = "set by PVE;";

    $pve_flags->{'lahf_lm'} = {
	op => '+',
	reason => "$pve_msg to support Windows 8.1+",
    } if $cputype eq 'kvm64' && $arch eq 'x86_64';

    $pve_flags->{'x2apic'} = {
	op => '-',
	reason => "$pve_msg incompatible with Solaris",
    } if $conf->{ostype} && $conf->{ostype} eq 'solaris';

    $pve_flags->{'sep'} = {
	op => '+',
	reason => "$pve_msg to support Windows 8+ and improve Windows XP+",
    } if $cputype eq 'kvm64' || $cputype eq 'kvm32';

    $pve_flags->{'rdtscp'} = {
	op => '-',
	reason => "$pve_msg broken on AMD Opteron",
    } if $cputype =~ m/^Opteron/;

    if (min_version($machine_version, 2, 3) && $kvm && $arch eq 'x86_64') {
	$pve_flags->{'kvm_pv_unhalt'} = {
	    op => '+',
	    reason => "$pve_msg to improve Linux guest spinlock performance",
	};
	$pve_flags->{'kvm_pv_eoi'} = {
	    op => '+',
	    reason => "$pve_msg to improve Linux guest interrupt performance",
	};
    }

    return $pve_flags;
}

sub get_hyperv_enlightenments {
    my ($winversion, $machine_version, $bios, $gpu_passthrough, $hv_vendor_id) = @_;

    return if $winversion < 6;
    return if $bios && $bios eq 'ovmf' && $winversion < 8;

    my $flags = {};
    my $default_reason = "automatic Hyper-V enlightenment for Windows";
    my $flagfn = sub {
	my ($flag, $value, $reason) = @_;
	$flags->{$flag} = {
	    reason => $reason // $default_reason,
	    value => $value,
	}
    };

    my $hv_vendor_set = defined($hv_vendor_id);
    if ($gpu_passthrough || $hv_vendor_set) {
	$hv_vendor_id //= 'proxmox';
	$flagfn->('hv_vendor_id', $hv_vendor_id, $hv_vendor_set ?
	    "custom hv_vendor_id set" : "NVIDIA workaround for GPU passthrough");
    }

    if (min_version($machine_version, 2, 3)) {
	$flagfn->('hv_spinlocks', '0x1fff');
	$flagfn->('hv_vapic');
	$flagfn->('hv_time');
    } else {
	$flagfn->('hv_spinlocks', '0xffff');
    }

    if (min_version($machine_version, 2, 6)) {
	$flagfn->('hv_reset');
	$flagfn->('hv_vpindex');
	$flagfn->('hv_runtime');
    }

    if ($winversion >= 7) {
	my $win7_reason = $default_reason . " 7 and higher";
	$flagfn->('hv_relaxed', undef, $win7_reason);

	if (min_version($machine_version, 2, 12)) {
	    $flagfn->('hv_synic', undef, $win7_reason);
	    $flagfn->('hv_stimer', undef, $win7_reason);
	}

	if (min_version($machine_version, 3, 1)) {
	    $flagfn->('hv_ipi', undef, $win7_reason);
	}
    }

    return $flags;
}

sub get_cpu_from_running_vm {
    my ($pid) = @_;

    my $cmdline = PVE::QemuServer::Helpers::parse_cmdline($pid);
    die "could not read commandline of running machine\n"
	if !$cmdline->{cpu}->{value};

    # sanitize and untaint value
    $cmdline->{cpu}->{value} =~ $qemu_cmdline_cpu_re;
    return $1;
}

__PACKAGE__->register();
__PACKAGE__->init();

1;