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@ -14,16 +14,16 @@ can use any file system supported by Linux.
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This backend assumes that the underlying directory is POSIX
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compatible, but nothing else. This implies that you cannot create
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snapshots at the storage level. But there exists a woraround for VM
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snapshots at the storage level. But there exists a workaround for VM
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images using the `qcow2` file format, because that format supports
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snapshots internally.
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TIP: Some storage types does not support `O_DIRECT`, so you can't use
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TIP: Some storage types do not support `O_DIRECT`, so you can't use
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cache mode `none` with such storages. Simply use cache mode
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`writeback` instead.
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We use a predefined directory layout to store different content types
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into different sub-directories. This layout is use by all file level
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into different sub-directories. This layout is used by all file level
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storage backends.
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.Directory layout
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@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ This specifies the owner VM.
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`<NAME>`::
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This scan be an arbitrary name (`ascii`) without white spaces. The
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backend uses `disk[N]` as default, where `[N]` is replaced by an
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This can be an arbitrary name (`ascii`) without white spaces. The
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backend uses `disk-[N]` as default, where `[N]` is replaced by an
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integer to make the name unique.
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`<FORMAT>`::
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@ -78,19 +78,19 @@ integer to make the name unique.
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Species the image format (`raw|qcow2|vmdk`).
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When you create a VM template, all VM images are renamed to indicate
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that they are now read-only, and can be uses as base image for clones:
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that they are now read-only, and can be uses as a base image for clones:
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base-<VMID>-<NAME>.<FORMAT>
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NOTE: Such base images are used to generate cloned images. So it is
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important that those files are read-only, and never gets modified. The
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backend changes access mode to `0444`, and sets the immutable flag
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important that those files are read-only, and never get modified. The
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backend changes the access mode to `0444`, and sets the immutable flag
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(`chattr +i`) if the storage supports that.
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Storage Features
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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As mentioned above, most file systems does not support snapshots out
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As mentioned above, most file systems do not support snapshots out
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of the box. To workaround that problem, this backend is able to use
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`qcow2` internal snapshot capabilities.
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Container Images
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include::attributes.txt[]
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endif::manvolnum[]
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Command line tool to manage comtainer images. See 'man pct' for usage
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Command line tool to manage container images. See 'man pct' for usage
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examples.
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ifdef::manvolnum[]
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24
pvesm.adoc
24
pvesm.adoc
@ -110,12 +110,12 @@ Each storage pool has a `<type>`, and is uniquely identified by its `<STORAGE_ID
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----
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NOTE: There is one special local storage pool named `local`. It refers to
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directory '/var/lib/vz' and is automatically generated at installation
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the directory '/var/lib/vz' and is automatically generated at installation
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time.
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The `<type>: <STORAGE_ID>` line starts the pool definition, which is then
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followed by a list of properties. Most properties have values, but some of them comes
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with reasonable default. In that case you can omit the value.
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followed by a list of properties. Most properties have values, but some of
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them come with reasonable default. In that case you can omit the value.
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.Default storage configuration ('/etc/pve/storage.cfg')
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====
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@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ with reasonable default. In that case you can omit the value.
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Common Storage Properties
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A few storage properties are common among differenty storage types.
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A few storage properties are common among different storage types.
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nodes::
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@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ content::
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A storage can support several content types, for example virtual disk
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images, cdrom iso images, container templates or container root
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directories. Not all storage types supports all content types. One can set
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directories. Not all storage types support all content types. One can set
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this property to select for what this storage is used for.
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images:::
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@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ KVM-Qemu VM images.
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rootdir:::
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Allow to store Container data.
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Allow to store container data.
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vztmpl:::
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@ -181,16 +181,16 @@ Default image format (`raw|qcow2|vmdk`)
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WARNING: It is not advisable to use the same storage pool on different
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{pve} clusters. Some storage operation needs exclusive access to the
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{pve} clusters. Some storage operation need exclusive access to the
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storage, so proper locking is required. While this is implemented
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within an cluster, it does not work between different clusters.
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within a cluster, it does not work between different clusters.
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Volumes
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-------
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We use a special notation to address storage data. When you allocate
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data from a storage pool, it returns such volume identifier. A volume
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data from a storage pool, it returns such a volume identifier. A volume
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is identified by the `<STORAGE_ID>`, followed by a storage type
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dependent volume name, separated by colon. A valid `<VOLUME_ID>` looks
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like:
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@ -215,15 +215,15 @@ volume is owned by a VM or Container. For example volume
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`local:230/example-image.raw` is owned by VM 230. Most storage
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backends encodes this ownership information into the volume name.
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When you remove a VM or Container, the system also remove all
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When you remove a VM or Container, the system also removes all
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associated volumes which are owned by that VM or Container.
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Using the Command Line Interface
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--------------------------------
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I think it is required to understand the concept behind storage pools
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and volume identifier, but in real life, you are not forced to do any
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It is recommended to familiarize yourself with the concept behind storage
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pools and volume identifiers, but in real life, you are not forced to do any
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of those low level operations on the command line. Normally,
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allocation and removal of volumes is done by the VM and Container
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management tools.
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10
qm.adoc
10
qm.adoc
@ -40,18 +40,18 @@ All configuration files consists of lines in the form
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See 'man vm.conf' for a complete list of options.
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Configuration files are stored inside the Proxmox configuration file
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Configuration files are stored inside the Proxmox cluster file
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system, and can be access at '/etc/pve/qemu-server/<VMID>.conf'.
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The default for option `keyboard` is read from
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The default for the `keyboard` option is read from
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'/etc/pve/datacenter.conf'.
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Locks
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-----
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Online migration and backups ('vzdump') set a lock to prevent
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unintentional action on such VMs. Sometimes you need remove such lock
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manually (power failure).
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Online migrations and backups ('vzdump') set a lock to prevent incompatible
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concurrent actions on the affected VMs. Sometimes you need to remove such a
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lock manually (e.g., after a power failure).
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qm unlock <vmid>
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20
vzdump.adoc
20
vzdump.adoc
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Backup and Restore
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include::attributes.txt[]
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endif::manvolnum[]
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'vzdump' is an utility to make consistent snapshots of running virtual
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'vzdump' is a utility to make consistent snapshots of running virtual
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machines (VMs). It basically creates an archive of the VM private
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area, which also includes the VM configuration files. 'vzdump'
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currently supports LXC containers and QemuServer VMs.
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@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ Stop the VM during backup. This results in a very long downtime.
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`suspend` mode::
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For containers, this mode uses rsync to copy the VM to a temporary
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For containers, this mode uses rsync to copy the VM data to a temporary
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location (see option `--tmpdir`). Then the VM is suspended and a second
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rsync copies changed files. After that, the VM is started (resume)
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again. This results in a minimal downtime, but needs additional space
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rsync copies changed files. After that, the VM is started (resumed)
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again. This results in minimal downtime, but needs additional space
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to hold the VM copy.
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For QemuServer, this mode will suspend the VM, start
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@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ underlying storage. A snapshot will be made of the container volume,
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and the snapshot content will be archived in a tar file.
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For QemuServer, this mode will do a live backup similar to the
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`snaphost` mode, but without suspending/resuming the VM.
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`suspend` mode, but without suspending/resuming the VM.
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A technical overview of the Proxmox VE live backup for QemuServer can
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be found online
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@ -63,14 +63,14 @@ https://git.proxmox.com/?p=pve-qemu-kvm.git;a=blob;f=backup.txt[here],
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Backup File Names
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-----------------
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Newer version of vzdump encodes the virtual machine type and the
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Newer versions of vzdump encode the virtual machine type and the
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backup time into the filename, for example
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vzdump-lxc-105-2009_10_09-11_04_43.tar
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That way it is possible to store several backup into the same
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That way it is possible to store several backup in the same
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directory. The parameter `maxfiles` can be used to specify the
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maximal number of backups to keep.
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maximum number of backups to keep.
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Restore
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-------
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@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Restore
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The resulting archive files can be restored with the following programs.
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`pct restore`:: Containers restore utility
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`pct restore`:: Container restore utility
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`qmrestore`:: QemuServer restore utility
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@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ configuration files to the default dump directory (usually
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# vzdump 777
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Use rsync and suspend/resume to create an snapshot (minimal downtime).
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Use rsync and suspend/resume to create a snapshot (minimal downtime).
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# vzdump 777 --mode suspend
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