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Signed-off-by: Dominik Csapak <d.csapak@proxmox.com>
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Dominik Csapak 2016-05-25 15:40:27 +02:00 committed by Dietmar Maurer
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@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ Qemu (short form for Quick Emulator) is an opensource hypervisor that emulates a
physical computer. From the perspective of the host system where Qemu is physical computer. From the perspective of the host system where Qemu is
running, Qemu is a user program which has access to a number of local resources running, Qemu is a user program which has access to a number of local resources
like partitions, files, network cards which are then passed to an like partitions, files, network cards which are then passed to an
emulated computer which sees them as if they were real devices. emulated computer which sees them as if they were real devices.
A guest operating system running in the emulated computer accesses these A guest operating system running in the emulated computer accesses these
devices, and runs as it were running on real hardware. For instance you can pass devices, and runs as it were running on real hardware. For instance you can pass
an iso image as a parameter to Qemu, and the OS running in the emulated computer an iso image as a parameter to Qemu, and the OS running in the emulated computer
will see a real CDROM inserted in a CD drive. will see a real CDROM inserted in a CD drive.
Qemu can emulates a great variety of hardware from ARM to Sparc, but {pve} is Qemu can emulates a great variety of hardware from ARM to Sparc, but {pve} is
only concerned with 32 and 64 bits PC clone emulation, since it represents the only concerned with 32 and 64 bits PC clone emulation, since it represents the
overwhelming majority of server hardware. The emulation of PC clones is also one overwhelming majority of server hardware. The emulation of PC clones is also one
of the fastest due to the availability of processor extensions which greatly of the fastest due to the availability of processor extensions which greatly
@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ and PCI devices.
Emulated devices and paravirtualized devices Emulated devices and paravirtualized devices
-------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------
The PC hardware emulated by Qemu includes a mainboard, network controllers, The PC hardware emulated by Qemu includes a mainboard, network controllers,
scsi, ide and sata controllers, serial ports (the complete list can be seen in scsi, ide and sata controllers, serial ports (the complete list can be seen in
the `kvm(1)` man page) all of them emulated in software. All these devices the `kvm(1)` man page) all of them emulated in software. All these devices
are the exact software equivalent of existing hardware devices, and if the OS are the exact software equivalent of existing hardware devices, and if the OS
running in the guest has the proper drivers it will use the devices as if it running in the guest has the proper drivers it will use the devices as if it
were running on real hardware. This allows Qemu to runs _unmodified_ operating were running on real hardware. This allows Qemu to runs _unmodified_ operating
systems. systems.
@ -67,16 +67,16 @@ the guest OS recognizes it is running inside Qemu and cooperates with the
hypervisor. hypervisor.
Qemu relies on the virtio virtualization standard, and is thus able to presente Qemu relies on the virtio virtualization standard, and is thus able to presente
paravirtualized virtio devices, which includes a paravirtualized generic disk paravirtualized virtio devices, which includes a paravirtualized generic disk
controller, a paravirtualized network card, a paravirtualized serial port, controller, a paravirtualized network card, a paravirtualized serial port,
a paravirtualized SCSI controller, etc ... a paravirtualized SCSI controller, etc ...
It is highly recommended to use the virtio devices whenever you can, as they It is highly recommended to use the virtio devices whenever you can, as they
provide a big performance improvement. Using the virtio generic disk controller provide a big performance improvement. Using the virtio generic disk controller
versus an emulated IDE controller will double the sequential write throughput, versus an emulated IDE controller will double the sequential write throughput,
as measured with `bonnie++(8)`. Using the virtio network interface can deliver as measured with `bonnie++(8)`. Using the virtio network interface can deliver
up to three times the throughput of an emulated Intel E1000 network card, as up to three times the throughput of an emulated Intel E1000 network card, as
measured with `iperf(1)`. footnote:[See this benchmark on the KVM wiki measured with `iperf(1)`. footnote:[See this benchmark on the KVM wiki
http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Using_VirtIO_NIC] http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Using_VirtIO_NIC]
Virtual Machines settings Virtual Machines settings
@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ design, allowing higher throughput and a greater number of devices to be
connected. You can connect up to 6 devices on this controller. connected. You can connect up to 6 devices on this controller.
* the *SCSI* controller, designed in 1985, is commonly found on server * the *SCSI* controller, designed in 1985, is commonly found on server
grade hardware, and can connect up to 14 storage devices. {pve} emulates by grade hardware, and can connect up to 14 storage devices. {pve} emulates by
default a LSI 53C895A controller. default a LSI 53C895A controller.
* The *Virtio* controller is a generic paravirtualized controller, and is the * The *Virtio* controller is a generic paravirtualized controller, and is the
@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ recommended setting if you aim for performance. To use this controller, the OS
need to have special drivers which may be included in your installation ISO or need to have special drivers which may be included in your installation ISO or
not. Linux distributions have support for the Virtio controller since 2010, and not. Linux distributions have support for the Virtio controller since 2010, and
FreeBSD since 2014. For Windows OSes, you need to provide an extra iso FreeBSD since 2014. For Windows OSes, you need to provide an extra iso
containing the Virtio drivers during the installation. containing the Virtio drivers during the installation.
// see: https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Paravirtualized_Block_Drivers_for_Windows#During_windows_installation. // see: https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Paravirtualized_Block_Drivers_for_Windows#During_windows_installation.
You can connect up to 16 devices on this controller. You can connect up to 16 devices on this controller.
@ -137,13 +137,13 @@ either the *raw disk image format* or the *QEMU image format*.
* the *QEMU image format* is a copy on write format which allows snapshots, and * the *QEMU image format* is a copy on write format which allows snapshots, and
thin provisioning of the disk image. thin provisioning of the disk image.
* the *raw disk image* is a bit-to-bit image of a hard disk, similar to what * the *raw disk image* is a bit-to-bit image of a hard disk, similar to what
you would get when executing the `dd` command on a block device in Linux. This you would get when executing the `dd` command on a block device in Linux. This
format do not support thin provisioning or snapshotting by itself, requiring format do not support thin provisioning or snapshotting by itself, requiring
cooperation from the storage layer for these tasks. It is however 10% faster cooperation from the storage layer for these tasks. It is however 10% faster
than the *QEMU image format*. footnote:[See this benchmark for details than the *QEMU image format*. footnote:[See this benchmark for details
http://events.linuxfoundation.org/sites/events/files/slides/CloudOpen2013_Khoa_Huynh_v3.pdf] http://events.linuxfoundation.org/sites/events/files/slides/CloudOpen2013_Khoa_Huynh_v3.pdf]
* the *VMware image format* only makes sense if you intend to import/export the * the *VMware image format* only makes sense if you intend to import/export the
disk image to other hypervisors. disk image to other hypervisors.
Setting the *Cache* mode of the hard drive will impact how the host system will Setting the *Cache* mode of the hard drive will impact how the host system will