Areas created via interface command are not being deleted when
executing the command `no ip ospf area x`
With the following configuration:
!
interface eth1
ip address 10.0.12.2/24
ip ospf area 0.0.0.100
!
router ospf
!
r2# sh ip ospf
OSPF Routing Process, Router ID: 2.2.2.2
Supports only single TOS (TOS0) routes
....
Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
Number of areas attached to this router: 1 <--- ***
Area ID: 0.0.0.100 <--- ***
Shortcutting mode: Default, S-bit consensus: ok
Number of interfaces in this area: Total: 1, Active: 1
Number of fully adjacent neighbors in this area: 0
Area has no authentication
Number of full virtual adjacencies going through this area: 0
SPF algorithm executed 1 times
Number of LSA 1
Number of router LSA 1. Checksum Sum 0x0000f3d4
Number of network LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
Number of summary LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
Number of ASBR summary LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
Number of NSSA LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
Number of opaque area LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
However when removing the area from the interface, the command
above displays the same information
r2# conf t
r2(config)# int eth1
r2(config-if)# no ip ospf area 0.0.0.100
r2(config-if)# exit
r2(config)# exit
r2# sh ip ospf
OSPF Routing Process, Router ID: 2.2.2.2
Supports only single TOS (TOS0) routes
....
Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
Number of areas attached to this router: 1 <--- ***
Area ID: 0.0.0.100 <--- ***
Shortcutting mode: Default, S-bit consensus: ok
Number of interfaces in this area: Total: 0, Active: 0
Number of fully adjacent neighbors in this area: 0
Area has no authentication
Number of full virtual adjacencies going through this area: 0
SPF algorithm executed 2 times
Number of LSA 1
Number of router LSA 1. Checksum Sum 0x0000e26e
Number of network LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
Number of summary LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
Number of ASBR summary LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
Number of NSSA LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
Number of opaque area LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
r2# sh run
!
interface eth1
ip address 10.0.12.2/24
!
router ospf
!
end
This PR removes the area when executing `no ip ospf area` command
r2# sh ip ospf
OSPF Routing Process, Router ID: 2.2.2.2
Supports only single TOS (TOS0) routes
....
Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x00000000
Number of areas attached to this router: 0
Signed-off-by: ckishimo <carles.kishimoto@gmail.com>
Currently if you start ospfd, bring up neighbors and then issue
a tcpdump on a interface ospf is peering over, this causes the neighbor
relationship to be restarted:
root@spectrum301(mlx-4600c-01):mgmt:~# tcpdump -i vlan402
2020-11-13T21:25:38.059671+00:00 spectrum301 ospfd[29953]: AdjChg: Nbr 202.0.0.3(default) on vlan402:200.0.3.1: Full -> Deleted (KillNbr)
2020-11-13T21:25:38.065520+00:00 spectrum301 ospfd[29953]: ospfTrapNbrStateChange: trap sent: 200.0.3.2 now Deleted/DROther
2020-11-13T21:25:38.065922+00:00 spectrum301 ospfd[29953]: ospfTrapIfStateChange: trap sent: 200.0.3.1 now Down
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on vlan402, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
21:25:38.072330 IP 200.0.3.1 > igmp.mcast.net: igmp v3 report, 1 group record(s)
2020-11-13T21:25:38.080430+00:00 spectrum301 ospfd[29953]: ospfTrapIfStateChange: trap sent: 200.0.3.1 now Point-To-Point
2020-11-13T21:25:38.080654+00:00 spectrum301 ospfd[29953]: SPF Processing Time(usecs): 9734
2020-11-13T21:25:38.080829+00:00 spectrum301 ospfd[29953]: SPF Time: 6422
2020-11-13T21:25:38.080991+00:00 spectrum301 ospfd[29953]: InterArea: 1572
2020-11-13T21:25:38.081152+00:00 spectrum301 ospfd[29953]: Prune: 67
2020-11-13T21:25:38.081329+00:00 spectrum301 ospfd[29953]: RouteInstall: 1396
2020-11-13T21:25:38.081548+00:00 spectrum301 ospfd[29953]: Reason(s) for SPF: N, S, ABR, ASBR
21:25:38.092510 IP 200.0.3.1 > ospf-all.mcast.net: OSPFv2, Hello, length 44
This is happening because the curr_mtu is not being properly stored. It was being set
on interface creation( but we have not actually read in the mtu part of the interface data, so
it is still 0 ).
Modify the code to store the curr_mtu at a point in interface creation *After* we have read
in interface data.
Ticket: CM-32276
Signed-off-by: Donald Sharp <sharpd@nvidia.com>
OSPF instance initialization was moved from "router ospf" vty command to
ospf_get function some time ago but the same thing must be done in
ospf_get_instance function used when multi-instance mode is enabled.
Signed-off-by: Igor Ryzhov <iryzhov@nfware.com>
The following virtual-link configuration was not represented in the
running configuration:
area <area> virtual-link <ip> authentication [null|message-digest]
Signed-off-by: Duncan Eastoe <duncan.eastoe@att.com>
Commit: 1d376ff539 removed
the code to find nexthops for the POINTOMULTIPOINT and
replaced it with a generic bit of code that was
supposed to handle both POINTOPOINT and POINTOMULTIPOINT
the problem is that the ospf rfc states that the
network mask on point to multipoint should be /32
which will not allow you to properly do a prefix match
on it against the network.
Restore original behavior as much as possible and leave
the new POINTOPOINT code alone.
Fixes: #7624
Signed-off-by: Donald Sharp <sharpd@nvidia.com>
When allocating memory for the `struct ospf_metric` we
were using `uint32_t` instead of the actual size of this
structure. When we wrote to it we would be writing
into other people's memory.
Found-by: Amol Lad
Signed-off-by: Donald Sharp <sharpd@nvidia.com>
When an ABR NSSA router is configured to be ALWAYS the translator:
r22(config-router)# area 1 nssa translate-always
It will advertise this condition in the type-1 LSA setting the Nt
bit, taking over the translator role from r33
r22# show ip ospf
We are an ABR and always an NSSA Translator.
r33# show ip ospf
We are an ABR, but not the NSSA Elected Translator.
However when the command above is removed:
r22(config-router)# no area 1 nssa translate-always
the bit Nt needs to be cleared otherwise we end up with no translator
in the area
r22# show ip ospf
We are an ABR, but not the NSSA Elected Translator.
r33# show ip ospf
We are an ABR, but not the NSSA Elected Translator.
This PR forces the ABR to send a type-1 LSA with the Nt bit updated
according to the translator role
Signed-off-by: ckishimo <carles.kishimoto@gmail.com>
Having 2 ABR in NSSA area where R3 is the elected translator
R3# show ip ospf
We are an ABR and the NSSA Elected Translator.
R2# show ip ospf
We are an ABR, but not the NSSA Elected Translator.
When R3 loses the Border condition by shutting down the interface
to the backbone, we end up with no translator in the NSSA area. It
is expected R2 to take over the translator role
R3# sh ip ospf
It is not ABR, therefore not Translator.
R2# show ip ospf
We are an ABR, but not the NSSA Elected Translator.
This PR forces the ABR to reevaluate the translator condition, so
R2 becomes the elected Translator
Signed-off-by: ckishimo <carles.kishimoto@gmail.com>
This commits attempts to fix a problem that occurs when mpls-te gets
removed from ospfd config. Mpls-te has an inter-as option, which can be
set to Off/Area/AS. Whenever the inter-as takes "Area" or "AS" as a
value, this value will not be cleaned after removing mpls-te or after
removing the ospf router. Therefore, if mpls-te is configured with
inter-as AS or Area and we remove mpls-te or the ospf router, the
inter-as will still preserve its value; therefore, next time mpls-te is
enabled, it will automatically inherits the previous inter-as value
(either Area or AS). This leads to wrong configuration, which can be a
problem for frr_reload.py.
The commits forces mpls-te to reset inter-as to Off before it mpls-te
gets removed from the configuration and before the ospf router gets
removed.
Signed-off-by: Carlo Galiotto <carlo@voltanet.io>
The `enum zclient_send_status` enum needs to be extended
throughout the code base to use the new states and
to fix up places where we tested against the return
value being non zero.
Signed-off-by: Donald Sharp <sharpd@nvidia.com>
The route_map_object_t was being used to track what protocol we were
being called against. But each protocol was only ever calling itself.
So we had a variable that was only ever being passed in from route_map_apply
that had to be carried against and everyone was testing if that variable
was for their own stack.
Clean up this route_map_object_t from the entire system. We should
speed some stuff up. Yes I know not a bunch but this will add up.
Signed-off-by: Donald Sharp <sharpd@nvidia.com>
gcc 10 complains about some of our format specs, fix them. Use
atomic size_t in thread stats, to work around platform
differences.
Signed-off-by: Mark Stapp <mjs@voltanet.io>
This commit tells the compiler we are intentionally ignoring
the lsa value returned and not doing anything with ret.
Signed-off-by: Donald Sharp <sharpd@nvidia.com>
Description:
The below show command introduced to diplay all configured
summary addresss information along with matching corresponding
external route information.
show ip ospf [vrf <NAME|all>] summary-address [detail] [json]
Signed-off-by: Rajesh Girada <rgirada@vmware.com>
Description:
Apis for creating/deleting aggregate routes.
Origination of summary route on behalf of matched external routes.
Signed-off-by: Rajesh Girada <rgirada@vmware.com>
Description:
Summarisation initilisation and de-init apis.
summary route table will be created as part of initilisation
at the time of ospf deamon init.
Signed-off-by: Rajesh Girada <rgirada@vmware.com>
Description:
Added json support to ospf lsdb command and its subcommands.
Added json to the following sub commands.
show ip ospf database json
show ip ospf database router json
show ip ospf database network json
show ip ospf database external json
show ip ospf database summary json
show ip ospf database asbr-summary json
show ip ospf database nssa-external json
show ip ospf databas max-age json
show ip ospf database self-originate json
Signed-off-by: Rajesh Girada <rgirada@vmware.com>
Issue:
When the ospf area is changed from default to nssa or stub, the previously
advertised external LSAs are not removed from the neighbor.
The LSAs remain in database till maxage timeout.
Fix:
Advertise the external LSAs with age set to maxage and flood to the
nssa or stub area.
Signed-off-by: kssoman <somanks@gmail.com>
When Segment Routing is not enabled, some related output messages are
printed on the console especially when Segment Routing Debug is enabled.
This patch adds additional controls to check whether segment routing
is enabled or not.
Signed-off-by: Olivier Dugeon <olivier.dugeon@orange.com>
Replace all lib/thread cancel macros, use thread_cancel()
everywhere. Only the THREAD_OFF macro and thread_cancel() api are
supported. Also adjust thread_cancel_async() to NULL caller's pointer (if
present).
Signed-off-by: Mark Stapp <mjs@voltanet.io>
Change thread_cancel to take a ** to an event, NULL-check
before dereferencing, and NULL the caller's pointer. Update
many callers to use the new signature.
Signed-off-by: Mark Stapp <mjs@voltanet.io>
Create appropriate accessor functions for the rn->lock
data. We should be accessing this data through accessor
functions since it is private data to the data structure.
Signed-off-by: Donald Sharp <sharpd@nvidia.com>
ospfNbrStateChange is generated when the state of neighbor regresses or
it progresses to a terminal state. When transitioning to or from Full
state on non-broadcast multi-access and broadcast networks the trap
should be sent by the designated router. This last condition was not
taken into account when checking for the conditions of generating the
trap.
Fixesvolta/volta-stack#1811
Signed-off-by: Babis Chalios <mail@bchalios.io>
Use to-string functions for GR message codes instead of raw
string array indexing; the values used can come in packets
and are not validated.
Signed-off-by: Mark Stapp <mjs@voltanet.io>
For TI-LFA, it is necessay to known the Adjacency SID advetise by the nieghbor
routers. However, the current Segment Routing code skip neighbor Adjacency SID
and thus, don't store them into the Segment Routing database.
This PR takes care of neighbor Adjacency SID by allowing to store them in the
Segment Routing database. Corresponding MPLS table entry is only configured if
the advertised Adjacency SID is global i.e. with L-Flag unset.
Signed-off-by: Olivier Dugeon <olivier.dugeon@orange.com>
Currently, only default area parameter is cleared, but we should do the
same for all area parameters with interface addresses.
Signed-off-by: Igor Ryzhov <iryzhov@nfware.com>
Currently, only default area parameter is used for initialization, but
we should use area parameters with interfaces address as well.
Signed-off-by: Igor Ryzhov <iryzhov@nfware.com>
Move ospf initialization to the actual place where it is created.
We don't need to do that every time "router ospf" is entered.
Also remove a couple of useless checks that can never be true.
Signed-off-by: Igor Ryzhov <iryzhov@nfware.com>
We should check for existing networks configuration before creating
if_params structure, or it leads to the memory leak.
Signed-off-by: Igor Ryzhov <iryzhov@nfware.com>
ospf_router_id_update checks for ospf->oi_running, but it'll never be 1
right after creation by ospf_new.
Signed-off-by: Igor Ryzhov <iryzhov@nfware.com>
If we enter:
int eth0
ip ospf area 0
ip ospf 10 area 0
!
This will crash ospf. Prevent this from happening.
OSPF instances:
a) Cannot be mixed with non-instance
b) Are their own process.
Since in multi-instance world ospf instances are their own process,
when an ospf processes receives an instance command we must remove
our config( if present ) and allow the new config to be active
in the new process. The problem here is that if you have not
done a `router ospf` above the lookup of the ospf pointer will
fail and we will just crash. Put some code in to prevent a crash
in this case.
Signed-off-by: Donald Sharp <sharpd@nvidia.com>
This commit fixes the following behavior:
```
nfware(config)# interface enp2s0
nfware(config-if)# ip ospf area 0
nfware(config-if)# no ip ospf area 0
% [ospfd]: command ignored as it targets an instance that is not running
```
We should be able to use the command without configuring the instance.
Signed-off-by: Igor Ryzhov <iryzhov@nfware.com>
We have this pattern in the code base:
if (thread)
THREAD_OFF(thread);
If we look at THREAD_OFF we check to see if thread
is non-null too. So we have a double check.
This is unnecessary. Convert to just using THREAD_OFF
Signed-off-by: Donald Sharp <sharpd@nvidia.com>
Instead of closing the socket, just note the failure and
continue on. If we actually failed here so many other
things would not be working at all, that actually
closing the fd won't matter.
Signed-off-by: Donald Sharp <sharpd@nvidia.com>
When the ASBR stops announcing a prefix into the NSSA area, the LSA
type 7 is removed from the area. However the ABR is refreshing the
type 5 in its LSDB while removing the Type 7 LSA. Routers outside
the area do not get an update.
With the following topology: r1---r2---r3, with r3 being the ASBR
announcing type 7 LSA:
r3 configuration
router ospf
redistribute static
network 10.0.23.0/24 area 1
area 1 nssa
!
We stop announcing prefix 3.3.3.3 in the ASBR
r3# conf
r3(config)# router ospf
r3(config-router)# no redistribute static
r3(config-router)#
r2 (ABR)
r2# sh ip os database
NSSA-external Link States (Area 0.0.0.1 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
3.3.3.3 33.33.33.33 3600 0x8000002f 0x13be E2 3.3.3.3/32 [0x0] <-- flushed
AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
3.3.3.3 10.0.25.2 7 0x8000002f 0x73c7 E2 3.3.3.3/32 [0x0] <-- refreshed(?)
With PR#7086 the LSA type 5 is flushed from the LSDB in r2 and the change is
announced to routers outside the area (r1)
r2# sh ip os da
NSSA-external Link States (Area 0.0.0.1 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
3.3.3.3 33.33.33.33 3600 0x80000002 0x6d91 E2 3.3.3.3/32 [0x0] <-- flushed
AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
3.3.3.3 10.0.25.2 3600 0x80000002 0xcd9a E2 3.3.3.3/32 [0x0] <-- flushed
r1# sh ip os da
AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
3.3.3.3 10.0.25.2 3600 0x80000002 0xcd9a E2 3.3.3.3/32 [0x0] <-- flushed
Unfortunately I just realized that with PR#7086 I'm introducing a new bug, as Type-5 LSA
are not being refreshed when reaching MaxAge
r2# sh ip os da
NSSA-external Link States (Area 0.0.0.1 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
3.3.3.3 33.33.33.33 35 0x80000002 0x6d91 E2 3.3.3.3/32 [0x0] <--- refreshed
AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
3.3.3.3 10.0.25.2 3600 0x80000002 0xcd9a E2 3.3.3.3/32 [0x0] <--- not refreshed!
So this PR should fix the original issue and the bug introduced later, so when stopping
redistribution in the ASBR, both type 5 and type 7 are flushed:
r2# sh ip os da
NSSA-external Link States (Area 0.0.0.1 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
3.3.3.3 33.33.33.33 3600 0x80000002 0x6d91 E2 3.3.3.3/32 [0x0]
AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
3.3.3.3 10.0.25.2 3600 0x80000002 0xcd9a E2 3.3.3.3/32 [0x0]
Routers outside the area are also notified
r1# sh ip os da
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
3.3.3.3 10.0.25.2 3600 0x80000002 0xcd9a E2 3.3.3.3/32 [0x0]
Re-enabling redistribution, both LSA will be advertised again
r3# conf
r3(config)# router ospf
r3(config-router)# no redistribute static
r3(config-router)# redistribute static
r3(config-router)#
r2# sh ip os da
NSSA-external Link States (Area 0.0.0.1 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
3.3.3.3 33.33.33.33 19 0x80000001 0x6f90 E2 3.3.3.3/32 [0x0]
AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
3.3.3.3 10.0.25.2 11 0x80000001 0xcf99 E2 3.3.3.3/32 [0x0]
and they are refreshed when reaching MaxAge
NSSA-external Link States (Area 0.0.0.1 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
3.3.3.3 33.33.33.33 10 0x80000002 0x6d91 E2 3.3.3.3/32 [0x0] <-- Seq 2
AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
3.3.3.3 10.0.25.2 2 0x80000002 0xcd9a E2 3.3.3.3/32 [0x0] <-- Seq 2
Signed-off-by: ckishimo <carles.kishimoto@gmail.com>
Having an NSSA ABR redistributing statics, the type-7 LSA are being
continuously refreshed (every ~14 secs). The LSA Seq number keeps
incrementing and the LSA age is going back to 0 when reaching ~14s.
This PR fixes the issue by not forcing the LSA update
However I ignore if the "force" parameter was used in purpose. With this
PR updates are sent in case the metric or metric type are changed
Sep 24 08:54:48 r2 ospfd[7137]: ospf_flood_through: LOCAL NSSA FLOOD of Type-7.
Sep 24 08:55:02 r2 ospfd[7137]: ospf_flood_through: LOCAL NSSA FLOOD of Type-7.
Sep 24 08:55:16 r2 ospfd[7137]: ospf_flood_through: LOCAL NSSA FLOOD of Type-7.
Sep 24 08:55:30 r2 ospfd[7137]: ospf_flood_through: LOCAL NSSA FLOOD of Type-7.
Sep 24 08:55:44 r2 ospfd[7137]: ospf_flood_through: LOCAL NSSA FLOOD of Type-7.
Sep 24 08:55:58 r2 ospfd[7137]: ospf_flood_through: LOCAL NSSA FLOOD of Type-7.
Sep 24 08:56:12 r2 ospfd[7137]: ospf_flood_through: LOCAL NSSA FLOOD of Type-7.
Sep 24 08:56:26 r2 ospfd[7137]: ospf_flood_through: LOCAL NSSA FLOOD of Type-7.
Sep 24 08:56:40 r2 ospfd[7137]: ospf_flood_through: LOCAL NSSA FLOOD of Type-7.
ip route 2.2.2.2/32 blackhole
router ospf
network 10.0.23.0/24 area 1
area 1 nssa
!
r2# conf t
r2(config)# router ospf
r2(config-router)# redistribute static
r2# sh ip os da
NSSA-external Link States (Area 0.0.0.1 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
2.2.2.2 10.0.25.2 13 0x8000000f 0x3f17 E2 2.2.2.2/32 [0x0] <<< Seq: f, age 13
r2# sh ip os da
NSSA-external Link States (Area 0.0.0.1 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
2.2.2.2 10.0.25.2 0 0x80000010 0x3d18 E2 2.2.2.2/32 [0x0] <<< Seq: 10, age 0
r2# sh ip os da
NSSA-external Link States (Area 0.0.0.1 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# CkSum Route
2.2.2.2 10.0.25.2 3 0x8000001b 0x2723 E2 2.2.2.2/32 [0x0] <<< Seq: 1b, age 3
Signed-off-by: ckishimo <carles.kishimoto@gmail.com>
Description:
Added the following debug commands to enable debugs
GR helper functionality.
[no] debug ospf gr helper
Signed-off-by: Rajesh Girada <rgirada@vmware.com>
Description:
The following show commands are added to display helper specific
information.
1.show ip ospf graceful-restart helper [detail] [json]
--> displays user configurations and list of all helpers details.
2.show ip ospf neighbour detail
--> diplays helper details
Signed-off-by: Rajesh Girada <rgirada@vmware.com>
Description:
The follwoing helper exit scenarios are handled.
1. Recv Max age grace LSA from RESTARTER.
2. Grace timer expiry.
3. Due to topo change if lsa check is enabled.
Signed-off-by: Rajesh Girada <rgirada@vmware.com>
Description:
1. Skipping inactivity timer during graceful restart to make
the RESTARTER active even after dead timer expiry.
2. Handling HELPER on unplanned outages.
Signed-off-by: Rajesh Girada <rgirada@vmware.com>
1. Ospf dead-interval will be set as 4 times of hello-interval, incase
if it is not set by using "ip ospf dead-interval <dead-val>".
2. On resetting hello-interval using "no ip ospf hello-interval" the
dead interval and hello due will be changed accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Kaushik <kaushik@niralnetworks.com>
In a topology like R1 -- R2 -- R5, with R2 being NSSA ABR and R5 being
ASBR redistributing external routes, the ABR R2 will translate type-7
LSA into type-5 and advertise to the backbone. In the current implementation
R2 is also advertising a type-4 LSA when there is no need.
RFC 3101: "...NSSA's border routers never originate Type-4 summary-LSAs
for the NSSA's AS boundary routers, since Type-7 AS-external-LSAs are
never flooded beyond the NSSA's border..."
With this PR a type-4 LSA will not be advertised
Signed-off-by: ckishimo <carles.kishimoto@gmail.com>
When the ASBR stops announcing a prefix into the NSSA area, the LSA
type 7 is removed from the area. However the ABR is refreshing the
type 5 in its LSDB while removing the Type 7 LSA. Routers outside
the area do not get an update.
With this change the LSA type 5 is flushed from the LSDB and the
change is announced to routers outside the area
Signed-off-by: ckishimo <carles.kishimoto@gmail.com>
1. Fix for duplicating calls of ospf_external_lsa_refresh()
in ospf_distribute_list_update_timer().
2. Added the comment and change from PR 6981.
Signed-off-by: Kaushik <kaushik@niralnetworks.com>
