git_index_add_frombuffer enables now to store a memory buffer in the odb
and to store an entry in the index directly if the index is attached to a
repository.
Introduce `git_indexwriter`, to allow us to lock the index while
performing additional operations, then complete the write (or abort,
unlocking the index).
Path validation may be influenced by `core.protectHFS` and
`core.protectNTFS` configuration settings, thus treebuilders
can take a repository to influence their configuration.
This fixes a typo I made for setting the sorted flag on the index
after a reload. That typo didn't actually cause any test failures
so I'm also adding a test that explicitly checks that the index is
correctly sorted after a reload when ignoring case and when not.
This updates the git_pqueue to simply be a set of specialized
init/insert/pop functions on a git_vector.
To preserve the pqueue feature of having a fixed size heap, I
converted the "sorted" field in git_vectors to a more general
"flags" field so that pqueue could mix in it's own flag. This
had a bunch of ramifications because a number of places were
directly looking at the vector "sorted" field - I added a couple
new git_vector helpers (is_sorted, set_sorted) so the specific
representation of this information could be abstracted.
