diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index dec40e49e..359e78dbd 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -41,10 +41,11 @@ v0.23 + 1
   with which to implement the transactional/atomic semantics for the
   configuration backend.
 
-* `git_index_add` will now use the case as provided by the caller on
-  case insensitive systems.  Previous versions would keep the case as
-  it existed in the index.  This does not affect the higher-level
-  `git_index_add_bypath` or `git_index_add_frombuffer` functions.
+* `git_index_add` and `git_index_conflict_add()` will now use the case
+  as provided by the caller on case insensitive systems.  Previous
+  versions would keep the case as it existed in the index.  This does
+  not affect the higher-level `git_index_add_bypath` or
+  `git_index_add_frombuffer` functions.
 
 * The `notify_payload` field of `git_diff_options` was renamed to `payload`
   to reflect that it's also the payload for the new progress callback.
diff --git a/src/index.c b/src/index.c
index dcf46fe50..d3b8afd39 100644
--- a/src/index.c
+++ b/src/index.c
@@ -1691,7 +1691,7 @@ int git_index_conflict_add(git_index *index,
 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 		if (entries[i] && !valid_filemode(entries[i]->mode)) {
 			giterr_set(GITERR_INDEX, "invalid filemode for stage %d entry",
-				i);
+				i + 1);
 			return -1;
 		}
 	}
@@ -1718,7 +1718,7 @@ int git_index_conflict_add(git_index *index,
 		/* Make sure stage is correct */
 		GIT_IDXENTRY_STAGE_SET(entries[i], i + 1);
 
-		if ((ret = index_insert(index, &entries[i], 0, true, true)) < 0)
+		if ((ret = index_insert(index, &entries[i], 1, true, true)) < 0)
 			goto on_error;
 
 		entries[i] = NULL; /* don't free if later entry fails */
diff --git a/tests/index/conflicts.c b/tests/index/conflicts.c
index b7a2456eb..8e94cd441 100644
--- a/tests/index/conflicts.c
+++ b/tests/index/conflicts.c
@@ -342,3 +342,94 @@ void test_index_conflicts__partial(void)
 	cl_assert(conflict_entry[1] == NULL);
 	cl_assert(conflict_entry[2] == NULL);
 }
+
+void test_index_conflicts__case_matters(void)
+{
+	const git_index_entry *conflict_entry[3];
+	git_oid oid;
+	const char *upper_case = "DIFFERS-IN-CASE.TXT";
+	const char *mixed_case = "Differs-In-Case.txt";
+	const char *correct_case;
+	bool ignorecase = cl_repo_get_bool(repo, "core.ignorecase");
+
+	git_index_entry ancestor_entry, our_entry, their_entry;
+
+	memset(&ancestor_entry, 0x0, sizeof(git_index_entry));
+	memset(&our_entry, 0x0, sizeof(git_index_entry));
+	memset(&their_entry, 0x0, sizeof(git_index_entry));
+
+	ancestor_entry.path = upper_case;
+	GIT_IDXENTRY_STAGE_SET(&ancestor_entry, GIT_INDEX_STAGE_ANCESTOR);
+	git_oid_fromstr(&ancestor_entry.id, CONFLICTS_ONE_ANCESTOR_OID);
+	ancestor_entry.mode = GIT_FILEMODE_BLOB;
+
+	our_entry.path = upper_case;
+	GIT_IDXENTRY_STAGE_SET(&our_entry, GIT_INDEX_STAGE_OURS);
+	git_oid_fromstr(&our_entry.id, CONFLICTS_ONE_OUR_OID);
+	our_entry.mode = GIT_FILEMODE_BLOB;
+
+	their_entry.path = upper_case;
+	GIT_IDXENTRY_STAGE_SET(&their_entry, GIT_INDEX_STAGE_THEIRS);
+	git_oid_fromstr(&their_entry.id, CONFLICTS_ONE_THEIR_OID);
+	their_entry.mode = GIT_FILEMODE_BLOB;
+
+	cl_git_pass(git_index_conflict_add(repo_index,
+		&ancestor_entry, &our_entry, &their_entry));
+
+	ancestor_entry.path = mixed_case;
+	GIT_IDXENTRY_STAGE_SET(&ancestor_entry, GIT_INDEX_STAGE_ANCESTOR);
+	git_oid_fromstr(&ancestor_entry.id, CONFLICTS_TWO_ANCESTOR_OID);
+	ancestor_entry.mode = GIT_FILEMODE_BLOB;
+
+	our_entry.path = mixed_case;
+	GIT_IDXENTRY_STAGE_SET(&ancestor_entry, GIT_INDEX_STAGE_ANCESTOR);
+	git_oid_fromstr(&our_entry.id, CONFLICTS_TWO_OUR_OID);
+	ancestor_entry.mode = GIT_FILEMODE_BLOB;
+
+	their_entry.path = mixed_case;
+	GIT_IDXENTRY_STAGE_SET(&their_entry, GIT_INDEX_STAGE_THEIRS);
+	git_oid_fromstr(&their_entry.id, CONFLICTS_TWO_THEIR_OID);
+	their_entry.mode = GIT_FILEMODE_BLOB;
+
+	cl_git_pass(git_index_conflict_add(repo_index,
+		&ancestor_entry, &our_entry, &their_entry));
+
+	cl_git_pass(git_index_conflict_get(&conflict_entry[0], &conflict_entry[1],
+		&conflict_entry[2], repo_index, upper_case));
+
+	/*
+	 * We inserted with mixed case last, so on a case-insensitive
+	 * fs we should get the mixed case.
+	 */
+	if (ignorecase)
+		correct_case = mixed_case;
+	else
+		correct_case = upper_case;
+
+	cl_assert_equal_s(correct_case, conflict_entry[0]->path);
+	git_oid_fromstr(&oid, ignorecase ? CONFLICTS_TWO_ANCESTOR_OID : CONFLICTS_ONE_ANCESTOR_OID);
+	cl_assert_equal_oid(&oid, &conflict_entry[0]->id);
+
+	cl_assert_equal_s(correct_case, conflict_entry[1]->path);
+	git_oid_fromstr(&oid, ignorecase ? CONFLICTS_TWO_OUR_OID : CONFLICTS_ONE_OUR_OID);
+	cl_assert_equal_oid(&oid, &conflict_entry[1]->id);
+
+	cl_assert_equal_s(correct_case, conflict_entry[2]->path);
+	git_oid_fromstr(&oid, ignorecase ? CONFLICTS_TWO_THEIR_OID : CONFLICTS_ONE_THEIR_OID);
+	cl_assert_equal_oid(&oid, &conflict_entry[2]->id);
+
+	cl_git_pass(git_index_conflict_get(&conflict_entry[0], &conflict_entry[1],
+		&conflict_entry[2], repo_index, mixed_case));
+
+	cl_assert_equal_s(mixed_case, conflict_entry[0]->path);
+	git_oid_fromstr(&oid, CONFLICTS_TWO_ANCESTOR_OID);
+	cl_assert_equal_oid(&oid, &conflict_entry[0]->id);
+
+	cl_assert_equal_s(mixed_case, conflict_entry[1]->path);
+	git_oid_fromstr(&oid, CONFLICTS_TWO_OUR_OID);
+	cl_assert_equal_oid(&oid, &conflict_entry[1]->id);
+
+	cl_assert_equal_s(mixed_case, conflict_entry[2]->path);
+	git_oid_fromstr(&oid, CONFLICTS_TWO_THEIR_OID);
+	cl_assert_equal_oid(&oid, &conflict_entry[2]->id);
+}