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PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/38475 Reviewed-By: Trivikram Kamat <trivikr.dev@gmail.com> Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com> Reviewed-By: Richard Lau <rlau@redhat.com>
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308 lines
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npm command-line interface
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<section id="content">
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<header class="title">
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<h1 id="npm-init">npm-init</h1>
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<span class="description">Create a package.json file</span>
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</header>
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<section id="table_of_contents">
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<h2 id="table-of-contents">Table of contents</h2>
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<div id="_table_of_contents"><ul><li><a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a></li><li><a href="#description">Description</a></li><ul><li><a href="#forwarding-additional-options">Forwarding additional options</a></li></ul><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="#workspaces-support">Workspaces support</a></li><li><a href="#a-note-on-caching">A note on caching</a></li><ul><li><a href="#prefer-online">prefer-online</a></li><li><a href="#prefer-offline">prefer-offline</a></li><li><a href="#offline">offline</a></li><li><a href="#workspace">workspace</a></li><li><a href="#workspaces">workspaces</a></li></ul><li><a href="#see-also">See Also</a></li></ul></div>
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</section>
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<div id="_content"><h3 id="synopsis">Synopsis</h3>
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<pre lang="bash"><code>npm init [--force|-f|--yes|-y|--scope]
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npm init <@scope> (same as `npm exec <@scope>/create`)
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npm init [<@scope>/]<name> (same as `npm exec [<@scope>/]create-<name>`)
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npm init [-w <dir>] [args...]
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="description">Description</h3>
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<p><code>npm init <initializer></code> can be used to set up a new or existing npm
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package.</p>
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<p><code>initializer</code> in this case is an npm package named <code>create-<initializer></code>,
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which will be installed by <a href="../commands/npm-exec.html"><code>npm-exec</code></a>, and then have its
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main bin executed – presumably creating or updating <code>package.json</code> and
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running any other initialization-related operations.</p>
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<p>The init command is transformed to a corresponding <code>npm exec</code> operation as
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follows:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>npm init foo</code> -> <code>npm exec create-foo</code></li>
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<li><code>npm init @usr/foo</code> -> <code>npm exec @usr/create-foo</code></li>
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<li><code>npm init @usr</code> -> <code>npm exec @usr/create</code></li>
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</ul>
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<p>If the initializer is omitted (by just calling <code>npm init</code>), init will fall
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back to legacy init behavior. It will ask you a bunch of questions, and
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then write a package.json for you. It will attempt to make reasonable
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guesses based on existing fields, dependencies, and options selected. It is
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strictly additive, so it will keep any fields and values that were already
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set. You can also use <code>-y</code>/<code>--yes</code> to skip the questionnaire altogether. If
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you pass <code>--scope</code>, it will create a scoped package.</p>
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<h4 id="forwarding-additional-options">Forwarding additional options</h4>
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<p>Any additional options will be passed directly to the command, so <code>npm init foo -- --hello</code> will map to <code>npm exec -- create-foo --hello</code>.</p>
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<p>To better illustrate how options are forwarded, here’s a more evolved
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example showing options passed to both the <strong>npm cli</strong> and a create package,
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both following commands are equivalent:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>npm init foo -y --registry=<url> -- --hello -a</code></li>
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<li><code>npm exec -y --registry=<url> -- create-foo --hello -a</code></li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
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<p>Create a new React-based project using
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<a href="https://npm.im/create-react-app"><code>create-react-app</code></a>:</p>
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<pre lang="bash"><code>$ npm init react-app ./my-react-app
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</code></pre>
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<p>Create a new <code>esm</code>-compatible package using
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<a href="https://npm.im/create-esm"><code>create-esm</code></a>:</p>
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<pre lang="bash"><code>$ mkdir my-esm-lib && cd my-esm-lib
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$ npm init esm --yes
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</code></pre>
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<p>Generate a plain old package.json using legacy init:</p>
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<pre lang="bash"><code>$ mkdir my-npm-pkg && cd my-npm-pkg
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$ git init
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$ npm init
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</code></pre>
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<p>Generate it without having it ask any questions:</p>
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<pre lang="bash"><code>$ npm init -y
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="workspaces-support">Workspaces support</h3>
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<p>It’s possible to create a new workspace within your project by using the
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<code>workspace</code> config option. When using <code>npm init -w <dir></code> the cli will
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create the folders and boilerplate expected while also adding a reference
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to your project <code>package.json</code> <code>"workspaces": []</code> property in order to make
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sure that new generated <strong>workspace</strong> is properly set up as such.</p>
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<p>Given a project with no workspaces, e.g:</p>
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<pre><code>.
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+-- package.json
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</code></pre>
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<p>You may generate a new workspace using the legacy init:</p>
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<pre lang="bash"><code>$ npm init -w packages/a
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</code></pre>
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<p>That will generate a new folder and <code>package.json</code> file, while also updating
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your top-level <code>package.json</code> to add the reference to this new workspace:</p>
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<pre><code>.
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+-- package.json
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`-- packages
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`-- a
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`-- package.json
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</code></pre>
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<p>The workspaces init also supports the <code>npm init <initializer> -w <dir></code>
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syntax, following the same set of rules explained earlier in the initial
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<strong>Description</strong> section of this page. Similar to the previous example of
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creating a new React-based project using
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<a href="https://npm.im/create-react-app"><code>create-react-app</code></a>, the following syntax
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will make sure to create the new react app as a nested <strong>workspace</strong> within your
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project and configure your <code>package.json</code> to recognize it as such:</p>
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<pre lang="bash"><code>npm init -w packages/my-react-app react-app .
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</code></pre>
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<p>This will make sure to generate your react app as expected, one important
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consideration to have in mind is that <code>npm exec</code> is going to be run in the
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context of the newly created folder for that workspace, and that’s the reason
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why in this example the initializer uses the initializer name followed with a
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dot to represent the current directory in that context, e.g: <code>react-app .</code>:</p>
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<pre><code>.
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+-- package.json
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`-- packages
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+-- a
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| `-- package.json
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`-- my-react-app
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+-- README
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+-- package.json
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`-- ...
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="a-note-on-caching">A note on caching</h3>
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<p>The npm cli utilizes its internal package cache when using the package
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name specified. You can use the following to change how and when the
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cli uses this cache. See <a href="../commands/npm-cache.html"><code>npm cache</code></a> for more on
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how the cache works.</p>
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<h4 id="prefer-online">prefer-online</h4>
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<p>Forces staleness checks for packages, making the cli look for updates
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immediately even if the package is already in the cache.</p>
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<h4 id="prefer-offline">prefer-offline</h4>
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<p>Bypasses staleness checks for packages. Missing data will still be
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requested from the server. To force full offline mode, use <code>offline</code>.</p>
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<h4 id="offline">offline</h4>
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<p>Forces full offline mode. Any packages not locally cached will result in
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an error.</p>
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<h4 id="workspace">workspace</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Alias: <code>-w</code></li>
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<li>Type: Array</li>
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<li>Default: <code>[]</code></li>
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</ul>
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<p>Enable running <code>npm init</code> in the context of workspaces, creating any missing
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folders, generating files and adding/updating the <code>"workspaces"</code> property of
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the project <code>package.json</code>.</p>
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<p>the provided names or paths provided.</p>
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<p>Valid values for the <code>workspace</code> config are either:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Workspace names</li>
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<li>Path to a workspace directory</li>
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<li>Path to a parent workspace directory (will result to selecting all of the
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children workspaces)</li>
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</ul>
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<h4 id="workspaces">workspaces</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Alias: <code>-ws</code></li>
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<li>Type: Boolean</li>
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<li>Default: <code>false</code></li>
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</ul>
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<p>Run <code>npm init</code> in the context of all configured workspaces for the
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current project.</p>
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<h3 id="see-also">See Also</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://npm.im/init-package-json">init-package-json module</a></li>
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<li><a href="../configuring-npm/package-json.html">package.json</a></li>
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<li><a href="../commands/npm-version.html">npm version</a></li>
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<li><a href="../using-npm/scope.html">npm scope</a></li>
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<li><a href="../commands/npm-exec.html">npm exec</a></li>
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<li><a href="../using-npm/workspaces.html">npm workspaces</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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